CHAPTER VII. 



SHRUBS PRODUCING HARD TIMBER, 

 FRUIT-TREES, AND FANCY WOODS. 



TREES OF SMALLER GROWTH, AND SHRUBS, MOSTLY 

 PRODUCING VERY HARD TIMBER. 



NOT to multiply too much the subdivisions of this 

 brief sketch, it will not be amiss to class under one 

 head a few of the principal plants that are comprised 

 in the above description, though they have no botani- 

 cal relationship; though they are natives of different 

 countries; and though some are deciduous, and others 

 evergreens. 



1 . THORN. Of the thorn ( Cratcegus} the botanists 

 enumerate many species, which they class into se- 

 veral genera. Some of these species are natives of 

 America. They are mostly hardy and deciduous, 

 and, when planted singly, grow up to be large 

 shrubs, or small trees. Most of them thrive well 

 in this country; though they are stunted and poor, 

 on very bad soils, in exposed situations. 



The White Beam (Pyrus aria] is a beautiful 

 tree rising to the height of thirty or forty feet. The 

 trunk is large, and divides into many branches. The 

 leaves are light green on the upper sides, and white 

 on the under. It is a native of many parts of Europe, 

 growing upon dry and rather warm soils, such as 

 those over gravel, chalk, and limestone. The wood is 

 very firm and tough. Walking-sticks, wooden axles, 

 handles of tools, and many other things are made 

 of it. It is close and takes a smooth polish; but, like 

 most of the thorns, it requires to be well seasoned, 

 otherwise it is apt to warp and split. 



The Wild Service (Pyrus torminalis} grows to a 



