228 VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. 



good during several years, and even in a voyage 

 under the line.* This circumstance also shews that 

 the demand for the luxury of wine amongst the com- 

 mercial classes (who had become of great number 

 and importance, as the political events of those 

 times fully prove) could not be supplied from the 

 wine countries, probably on account of the prevalence 

 of false principles of trade. Cider, therefore, became 

 a general beverage before the time of Charles II., 

 though it had been partially used for nearly a century 

 before. Gerard, who published his Herball, as al- 

 ready mentioned, about the close of Elizabeth's reign, 

 says, in his quaint way, " I have seen, about the pas- 

 tures and hedgerows of a worshipful gentleman's 

 dwelling, two miles from Hereford, called Mr. Roger 

 Badnome, so many trees of all sortes, that the ser- 

 vants drink, for the most part, no other drink but 

 that which is made of apples. The qualitie is such, 

 that, by the report of the gentleman himselfe, the par- 

 son hath for tythe many hogsheads of cyder." 



During the reigns of William III. and Anne, when 

 there was a constant succession of wars with France, 

 the use of cider was generally inculcated, as tending 

 to the permanent exclusion of the wines of our great 

 rival. Philips, a contemporary of Addison, wrote a 

 long poem in praise of cider; and embodied in his 

 work a good deal of the art of selecting and managing 

 -apple-trees. But he wrote as a poet, and main- 

 tained the unwise and impolitic doctrine of a nation's 

 wholly depending on its own resources, instead of 

 living in intercourse with its neighbours, and thus 

 advancing the comforts and riches of all. After 

 praising the cider of Hereford, Philips says, 



" What should we wish for more ? or why, in quest 

 Of foreign vintage, insincere and mixed, 



* Rymer's Fcedera ; see Pennant's London. 



