BASES OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION 107 



By direct comparison with a specimen of Schreiner's preparation 

 they found a great similarity to piperazine but also some differences. 

 Schreiner's specimen was found to be slightly impure and to contain 

 calcium. Ladenburg and Abel considered that Schreiner's phosphate 

 might conceivably be (C 4 H 10 N 2 ) 2 CaP 2 O 8 which agrees better with his 

 analyses. Poehl [1891] arrived at the formula C 10 H., 6 N 4 for spermine 

 after analysing the platinichloride and the aurichloride, but the formula 

 C 5 H 12 N 2 would also fit his results. 



Bases from Muscle. 



In addition to creatine, methylguanidine, carnosine, carnitine, 

 neosine, betaine, myokynine, and trimethylamine-oxide, all described 

 previously, the following may be mentioned : 



Vitiatine, C 5 H 14 N 6 , has been obtained by Kutscher [1907] from 

 meat extract and is regarded by him as a guanidine derivative of the 

 possible constitution : 



/ 

 : C 



HN : C C : NH 



\N(CH 3 ) . CH 2 . CH 2 . NH/ 



Crangitine, C 13 H 2o O 4 N 2 , and crangonine, C 13 H 26 O 3 N 2 , have been ob- 

 tained by Ackermann and Kutscher [1907, 4, Ch. Ill, betaine] from 

 shrimps. 



Creatosine has been obtained from commercial meat extract by 

 Krimberg and Izra'ilsky [1913] and yields an aurichloride 



C u H 28 4 N 3 Au 2 Cl 8 . 



Bases from Urine. 



The following bases, already described, have been isolated as 

 normal or occasional constituents of human or animal urine : trime- 

 thylamine, isoamylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, iminazolylacetic acid, 

 urocanic acid, kynurenic acid, methylpyridinium hydroxide, ^-picoline, 

 butyrobetaine, carnitine (= novaine), reductonovaine, creatine, creati- 

 nine, methylguanidine, dimethylguanidine, vitiatine. In addition the 

 following may be mentioned : 



Mingine, C 13 H 18 O 2 N 2 . Kutscher [1907, Ch. Ill, butyrobetaine] 

 obtained 0-45 grm. of the di-aurichloride from 100 litres of women's 

 urine. 



Gynesine, C 19 H 23 O 3 N 3 . Kutscher and Lohmann [1906, 4, Ch. Ill, 

 butyrobetaine] obtained 1*5 grm. of the aurichloride C 19 H 2S O 3 N 3 , 

 2HAuCl 4 , from 100 litres of women's urine. 



Kynosine, C l3 H., 6 O 4 N 4 , was isolated from normal dog's urine as the 

 aurichloride C 13 H 26 O 4 N 4 , 2HAuCl 4 by Kutscher [1906]. 



