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In planting out two or three bud cuttings, draw a garden line 

 the required length, and, with the back of the spade, to the 

 line open a V-shaped trench to receive them as represented in 

 Fig. 46. Set the cuttings in the 

 trench, three or four inches apart, 

 sloping from the sun, observing that 

 the top bud comes just even with the 

 surface of the ground at the line. 

 Fill the trench a little at a time, com- 

 pacting the soil firmly about the cut- 

 ting, especially at its base, by pres- 

 sure with the foot. If the wood of rig. 46. 

 which the cutting is made is in good condition, and these sim- 

 ple directions are followed, a large per cent, will take root, and 

 make plants of the best quality as good as those sold by tree- 

 tramps at $1 each. They will be fit to plant out by the stake 

 or trellis to which they are to be trained, in autumn or the fol- 

 lowing spring, as may be most convenient. When cuttings or 

 young vines are set out in the fall, the ground about them 

 should be covered with strawy manure, or evergreen boughs, 

 before severe weather arrives. 



PROPAGATING VINES BY LAYERS. 



In layering the vine, a cane of well ripened wood of the pre- 

 vious year's growth is chosen, containing eight or ten buds, 

 more or less. Open a trench, as directed for cuttings, only 

 commencing near the parent vine. Stretch the cane in the bot- 

 tom of the trench, and fix it in place with weights or pegs. 

 This is to be done in spring before the buds swell, and the 

 trench is to remain open till the shoots have made a growth of 

 four or five inches. The young wood will take an upright 

 direction, and the trench must be filled with care, covering the 

 cane, and pressing the dirt down firmly. The shoots had bet- 

 ter be tied to small stakes, from time to time, as they will often 

 grow four or six feet high if not checked by pinching, which is 

 recommended when they have attained a height of three or four 

 feet. This will cause the shoot to " stock-up," and form a more 

 valuable vine. Stronger plants will be obtained if every alter- 

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