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protracted drouth, there would be a tendency to strike down in 

 pursuit of moisture, but usually nearly the whole system of 

 roots will not be more than six inches deep. This is just where 

 we want them. The vine needs the full force of the sun's heat 

 to push on the annual wood growth, and to ripen up the fruit in 

 autumn. 



Let the roots be cut back at transplanting to ten or twelve 

 inches in length. The fibrous roots, about which we hear so 

 much, are of but little or no account. Their vitality is destroyed 

 on comparatively slight exposure. Take up a vine that has 

 been planted a year, and the fibrous roots which it contained 

 will have all disappeared. They are short-lived, annuals, like 

 the leaves. They serve a purpose while undisturbed, but are of 

 no value after exposure, and may as well be pruned off as to 

 remain. 



Let the canes be reduced to one, and cut that back to two or 

 three buds. One bud is all that should be allowed to grow, but 

 it is not safe to remove them till they have made a growth of 

 some inches, as they are extremely tender, and liable to be in- 

 jured in various ways. Always retain the lowest shoot, pro- 

 vided it is strong and healthy. 



The transplanting of trees and vines can be done by two per- 

 sons, working together, much more conveniently than by one. 

 The man with the spade removes the soil five or six inches deep, 

 where the vine is to be planted, in a circle as large as the roots 

 will occupy, while another prunes the roots and top, as above 

 described. The vine is at once placed in position, with the 

 roots radiating equally on all sides. The soil is to be at once 

 thrown over them by the man of the spade, while the other 

 makes all firm with his foot ; and the thing is done in less time 

 than would be required to read the directions here given. Take 

 the vines to the field with the roots in a bucket of water, or in a 

 basket packed in damp swamp moss. Only one need be ex- 

 posed at a time, and that only for a moment. Two men who 

 use no tobacco can set out one thousand vines in a day. 



Vines may be tied up to a stake the first year, or allowed to 

 sprawl. I prefer to tie up, because it is more convenient for 

 pinching back laterals, and they are less in the way of the cul- 

 tivator. Almost any hoed crop may be grown on the land for 



