FIELD ROOTS. 197 



the autumn after the hottest weather for the 

 season has gone. 



The mangel (Beta vulgaris) will endure more 

 heat than the rutabaga, or turnip, hence it has a wider 

 distribution than those crops, but the mangel also 

 may be grown more satisfactorily where the summer 

 temperatures are not excessive, hence the best mangel 

 crops may be looked for north of the fortieth parallel. 



The sugar beet may be grown in good form in 

 what may be termed "wine climates," that is to say, 

 in climates well adapted to the production of the 

 grape. But, like mangels, sugar beets may be grown 

 much further north than grapes, except when vines 

 of the latter are specially protected in winter. 



The carrot (Daucus car of a) also grows best 

 where the summer weather is moist and temperate, 

 but, like mangels, carrots can be grown in season in 

 some part or parts of every state in the Union. The 

 highest adaptation for field roots in North America 

 is found in Oregon, Washington, the New England 

 states, British Columbia, Ontario and the Maritime 

 Provinces of Canada. 



Soil. All kinds of field roots can be grown in 

 good form on deep, moist, loam soils, and possessed 

 of that degree of admixture of clay and sand which 

 keeps them in a friable condition. But the exact soil 

 conditions best adapted to the growth of each are 

 not exactly the same. Clay soils, for instance, may 

 be made to produce good crops of mangels, but not 

 of turnips, and the proportion of sand in the soil 

 that would aid in furnishing high adaptation to the 

 growth of carrots would be excessive for the best 

 results in growing mangels. Heavy clays are not 



