220 THE STUDY OF ZOOLOGY vii 



particular structural, or other, facts which furnished 

 the demonstration of the law, or the illustration 

 of the term. 



Now this important operation can only be 

 achieved by constant demonstration, which may 

 take place to a certain imperfect extent during a 

 lecture, but which ought also to be carried on 

 independently, and which should be addressed to 

 each individual student, the teacher endeavouring, 

 not so much to show a thing to the learner, as to 

 make him see it for himself 



I am well aware that there are great practical 

 difficulties in the way of effectual zoological 

 demonstrations. The dissection of animals is not 

 altogether pleasant, and requires much time ; nor 

 is it easy to secure an adequate supply of the 

 needful specimens. The botanist has here a 

 great advantage ; his specimens are easily ob- 

 tained, are clean and wholesome, and can be 

 dissected in a private house as well as anywhere 

 else ; and hence, I believe, the fact, that botany 

 is so much more readily and better taught than 

 its sister science. But, be it difficult or be it 

 easy, if zoological science is to be properly studied, 

 demonstration, and, consequently, dissection, must 

 be had. Without it, no man can have a reall}^ 

 sound knowledge of animal organisation. 



A good deal may be done, however, without 

 actual dissection on the student's part, by demon- 

 stration upon specimens and preparations ; and in 



