CHAPTER V 



MAGIC LANTERN WITH PETROLEUM LAMP; VERTICAL 



AND REFLEX MANTLE GAS LAMPS; ACETYLENE 



LAMP; ALCOHOL LAMP WITH MANTLE 



190. Apparatus and Material for Chapter V: 



Suitable projection room with screen ; Magic lantern with lamp 

 and chimney for petroleum (fig. 65-67); High grade petroleum for 

 burning in the lamp; Gas burners for vertical and reflex mantles 

 (fig. 68-69); Illuminating gas supply; Acetylene burner and 

 reflector, (fig. 70) ; Acetylene gas supply (house supply, prestolite 

 tank of compressed acetylene in acetone or an acetylene generator) ; 

 Special alcohol lamp with mantle (fig. 72-73); Strong alcohol 

 (95%) ethyl, methyl or denatured. The magic lantern for all but 

 the oil lamp must have a lamp-house into which the burner can be 

 placed. There must be lantern slides, screw drivers, pliers and 

 matches or safety lighters ( 160), for all of them. 



191. Historical development and references to literature. 



For the history see the Appendix, and for general works of reference 

 see the list of books in the first chapter (2). 



The directions sent out by the manufacturers of these light 

 sources should be studied carefully and followed exactly unless one 

 has technical knowledge on the subject. 



OIL AND GAS LAMPS 



192. Early sources of light. For a long time after the inven- 

 tion of projection apparatus there were but two sources of light 

 known : 



(1) The sun, which has ever remained the most brilliant source 

 of light available, and 



(2) Some form of torch, candle, or oil lamp. 



The first oil lamps burned animal or vegetable oil and had no 

 lamp chimney. 



After the discovery and proper refinement of petroleum, that 

 became and has remained the oil most used for illumination. 



If one reads the early works on projection it seems astonishing 

 that the workers of those times were able to produce screen images 



119 



