CHAPTER X 



DRAWING AND PHOTOGRAPHY BY THE AID OF 

 PROJECTION APPARATUS. 



450. Apparatus and Material for Chapter X : 



Room with electric current supply ( 453); Arc lamp and 

 rheostat or other regulating device ( 462, 493) ; Water-cell ( 504) ; 

 Carbons of various sizes for small and large currents ( 486, 488-9) ; 

 Condenser suitable for the objects to be projected (467, 533) ; Mi- 

 croscope with objectives and oculars and with a 45 degree mirror 

 or a prism ( 458-459, 493) ; Photographic objectives for projecting 

 the images of large objects for use with negatives or lantern slides 

 ( 534) ; Movable drawing surface ( 459-460) ; An opaque lantern 

 ( 469) ; A photographic camera with ground-glass focusing screen 

 ( 471); Metric measures; Transparent micrometer ( 508 + ); 

 Letters on tissue paper for drawings ( 528 + ); Photographic 

 paper, negatives and chemicals ( 532, 547); See also the needs 

 in Ch. I, ( i). 



451. For the history of drawing with projection apparatus 

 see the Appendix, with its references to literature. 



It will also be advantageous to consult the works given in Ch. I, 

 2 and the catalogues of the manufacturers of projection and 

 photographic apparatus. The Eastman Kodak Co. has published 

 a very useful booklet on Enlarging. This deals, not with micro- 

 scopic, but with the moderate enlargements up to 20 diameters with 

 photographic objectives. 



DRAWING WITH PROJECTION APPARATUS 



452. The aid which projection apparatus could give for 

 getting accurate drawings was recognized from the beginning; and, 

 indeed, this was considered one of its most important uses. 



By the aid of projection apparatus accurate drawings can be 

 made by any careful worker, although artistic perfection can be 

 added only by those gifted of nature. Even for born artists it is 

 helpful in getting the details of complex objects in due position and 

 in correct proportion. 



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