376 DRAWING FOR PUBLICATION [Cn. X 



Paper and developer should be of the contrast variety to give 

 pure blacks and whites. 



These letters, etc., are cut out and pasted on the drawing just as 

 described above. The photographic paper being rather thick, 

 there will be a white streak around the letter, etc., where cut out. 

 This can easily be blackened after being stuck in place by the use 

 of a pen or a fine brush, using India ink. 



SIZE OF DRAWINGS AND THEIR LETTERING 



531. It is wise to make the drawings considerably larger than 

 the desired picture. In reducing, the coarseness and some other 

 infelicities of the drawing become less noticeable. 



Of course if the drawing is made exactly the size of the desired 

 cut, then it must look exactly as one desires it in the printed book ; 

 it is not liable to be improved by the process of photo-engraving. 

 But if the drawing is to be reduced, then the lettering, etc., must 

 be coarse enough in the drawing to give the proper appearance in 

 the finished cut. 



There is some confusion in the minds of the inexperienced as to 

 the appearance of a picture half the size of the original. To the 

 engraver half-size always means that any given line or part is just 

 half the length of the original. That is, if any line of the original 

 were 10 centimeters long, the finished cut would show the same 

 line 5 centimeters long if it were reduced to half the original size. 

 The appearance is well shown in the accompanying figure (fig. 216). 

 In the upper half the letters and numerals are of full size ; in the 

 middle they are of half the original size; and below they are of 

 one-fourth the original size. This picture will show one also about 

 the size of type to use for the different reductions. The numerals 

 on the left indicate the size of the type, as 24 point, 18 point, 12, 

 10, 8, and 6 point, respectively. 



The lettering of pictures in books and periodicals should be 

 proportioned to the size of the details of the cuts. It is distressing 

 to have the letters and numerals on figures the most prominent 

 feature. On the other hand, it is exasperating to have letters 

 so minute that one needs a microscope to make them out. As 



