CH. XI] MOVING PICTURES '393 



actual movements in a growing plant or an opening flower are 

 revealed to the eye ; and the great steps in the evolution of an egg 

 to a complete animal, swimming, walking or flying, stand out with 

 startling reality. 



The last triumph is the combination of the phonograph and the 

 moving picture machine so that both the eye and the ear are 

 appealed to as in real life or in the theater with living actors. 

 This combination was suggested by Muybridge, the first to analyze 

 and then combine the movements of animals by photography and 

 projection. That suggestion was made in 1888, but it is only now 

 after 25 years that a fair degree of success has been obtained. It 

 requires two operators, one for the moving picture machine and 

 one for the phonograph. The phonograph is just behind the 

 screen, while the moving picture apparatus is in the usual place at 

 the back of the theater. 



The screen is sufficiently transparent so that the phonograph 

 operator can see the moving pictures, and the moving picture 

 operator has telephonic connections with the phonograph so that 

 he can hear accurately the sounds. He can, of course, see the 

 moving pictures on the screen. The phonograph is made the 

 master machine and the pictures must be made to follow the sounds. 

 This is partly accomplished by a direct connection between the two 

 machines, and partly by the intelligent cooperation of the two 

 operators. 



The first successful efforts in moving pictures were made by 

 physicists and physiologists who desired to analyze the complex 

 and rapid movements of men, animals, and machines. The pur- 

 pose was wholly scientific, but it was early seen that herein lay the 

 possibility of entertainment and general instruction. 



The entertainment or amusement feature is, perhaps, now the 

 predominant one; but the religious, educational, economic and 

 scientific use of this powerful means for portraying action has never 

 been lost sight of, and to-day is more prominent than ever. 



Much has been said and written on the moral or social effect of 

 the moving picture. The writers and their friends have visited 

 moving picture theaters in many cities and in many lands to see 



