APPENDIX 193 



California (Ventura and Los Angeles counties), and east 

 to Ruby Lake, Nevada, and Rush Lake, Utah. The red- 

 head used to breed not uncommonly in the great marshes 

 of the lake region of southeastern Wisconsin, but now it 

 is restricted to a few localities, one of which is Lake 

 Koshkonong. It has bred on the St. Clair Flats of Mich- 

 igan and Ontario. 



Only a few pass as far north as 54 latitude, the north- 

 ern range of the species thus being more restricted than 

 that of any other Canadian duck. A stray was taken in 

 1896 on Kadiak Island, Alaska, the only record on the 

 Pacific coast north of Vancouver Island, and an indi- 

 vidual was taken in the fall in southeastern Labrador. 

 It is not yet recorded in Newfoundland, and is a rare 

 migrant in the Maritime Provinces. 



Aythya vallisneria (Wils.) Canvasback. 



Breeding Range. The district just east of the Rocky 

 Mountains in Alberta seems to be a center of abundance 

 of this species in the breeding season. East of this dis- 

 trict it breeds commonly to about the one hundredth 

 meridian; south to the southern boundary of Canada, 

 west to central British Columbia and Sitka, north to 

 Great Slave Lake, and northwest to Gens de large Moun- 

 tains and Fort Yukon. It does not commonly breed in 

 the United States, but a few nest in northern North Da- 

 kota and in diminishing numbers southward to Ne- 

 braska (Cody, Irwin, Hackberry Lake) ; it is rare as a 

 breeder in Minnesota (Madison, Heron Lake), and a few 

 crippled birds have been known to breed on Lake Kosh- 

 konong, Wisconsin. In 1900 it bred casually at Barr 

 Lake, near Denver, Colo., and it has been known to 



