CAMPANULACEAE 21 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Knuth (Westphalia), the humble-bee Bombus lapidarius Z. 5, skg. ('Bloemenbiol. 

 Bijdragen '). Buddeberg (Nassau), a hover-fly (Rhingia rostrata Z., skg.) and 5 bees 

 I. Andrena convexiuscula K. 5, skg.; 2. A. hirtipes Schenck 5, skg.; 3. Halictus 

 malachurus K. % in large numbers, skg. and po-cltg. ; 4. H. tetrazonius Klg. ( = H. 

 quadricinctus K) % skg. ; 5. H. longulus Svi. 5, skg. (Herm. Muller, ' Weit. Beob.,' 

 Ill, pp. 78-9). 



1742. P. orbiculare L. (Kirchner, op. cit., Jahreshefte Ver. Natk., Stuttgart, 

 liii, 1897, p. 223.) Kirchner states that the heads contain from 15 to 30 flowers, 

 and that though insect-visits are very numerous, the stylar branches roll back into 

 spirals of ij turns, so as to render automatic self-pollination possible. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Loew (Switzerland), a bee (Halictus sp.), a butterfly (Polyommatus virgaureae 

 Z.), a Noctuid (Agrotis ocellina S.-V.^, and 2 hawk-moths (Ino geryon Hb., var. 

 chrysocephala Nick., and Zygaena exulans Hchhw. et Rein.). MacLeod (Pyrenees), 

 4 humble-bees, a fossorial wasp, and a Muscid. 



1743. P. hemisphaericum L. Kirchner says that in this species the head 

 contains 8-16 flowers, or sometimes a smaller number. Kerner states that automatic 

 self-pollination is rendered possible by the rolling back of the stylar branches. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller (Alps), a fly, 9 bees, and 21 Lepidoptera ('Alpen- 

 blumen,' pp. 409-10). von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), the humble-bee Bombus mastrucatus 

 Gerst. 



1744. P. humile Schleich. Kerner says that in this species autogamy takes 

 place in the usual way. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller saw 6 Lepidoptera in Switzerland (' Alpenblumen,' 

 p. 410). 



1745. P. pauciflorum L, (Kirchner, Jahreshefte Ver. Natk., Stuttgart, liii, 

 1897, p. 224.) Kirchner states that the heads of this species contain 5-6 (more 

 rarely 8) small flowers. He also remarks that the three (sometimes four) stylar 

 branches but rarely roll back at the end of anthesis sufficiently far to bring their tips 

 into contact with the pollen on the style. It appears therefore that in spite of the 

 small size of the flowers and the unfavourable habitat in which they grow, automatic 

 self-pollination but rarely takes place. 



Visitors. Ricca observed humble-bees even at a height of 2900 m. (Atti Soc. 

 ital. sc. nat., Milano. xiii, 1870). 



1746. P. Scheuchzeri All. Kirchner says that the heads of this species 

 contain 1 5-30 flowers. Autogamy takes place, according to Kerner, in the same way 

 as in P. hemisphaericum. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Herm. MiiUer (Switzerland), 3 Hymenoptera (including 2 humble-bees) and 

 a Lepidopterid (' Alpenblumen,' p. 411). Friese (Tyrol), 2 Alpine bees Dufourea 

 alpina Mor., freq.; and Halictoides paradoxus Mor., rare (also recorded by Morawitz, 

 and Schletterer and von Dalla Torre), von Dalla Torre (Alps), the bee Bombus 

 alpinus F., up to a height of 2500 m. 



