CAMPANULA CEAE 



23 



Ins. Nordemey'; de Vries, Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. Sen, 2. Deel, 1875; 

 MacLeod, ' Pyreneenbl.,' p. 371 ; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 99, 

 100, 163, 'Weit. Beob. ii. Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 237, 'Bliitenbiol. Beob. 

 a. d. Ins. Riigen'; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 649, Jahreshefte Ver. Natk., liii, 

 1897, pp. 226-7.) Sprengel long ago described the flower mechanism of this species 

 in a careful and accurate manner. A head contains 100-200 blue flowers, the 

 corollas of which are divided almost to their bases into five narrow linear lobes, 

 so that the nectar secreted on 

 the top of the ovary is acces- 

 sible to insects of the most various 

 kind. In the second stage of 

 anthesis the stylar hairs and the 

 pollen attached to them have dis- 

 appeared, while the style projecting 

 beyond the corolla -lobes unfolds 

 its bifid stigma. Automatic self- 

 pollination is therefore excluded. 



Visitors. Knuth observed 

 the following in Schleswig-Holstein 

 (S.-H.) and Riigen (R.). 



A. Coleoptera. Ceramby- 

 cidae : i. Strangalia melanura Z., 

 po-dvg. (R.). B. Diptera. {a) 

 Muscidae : 2. Aricia incana Wied. 

 (S.-H.) ; 3. Nemoraea consobrina 

 Mg. (S.-H.); 4. Onesia sepulcralis 

 L. (S.-H.) ; 5. Scatophaga sterco- 

 raria Z. (S.-H.); 6. Spilogaster 

 carbonella Zett. (S.-H.); 7. S. 

 communis R.-D. (S.-H.). (3) Syr- 

 phidae: 8. Eristalis arbustorum Z. 

 (S.-H.); 9. E. sp. (S.-H.); 10. 

 E. tenax Z. (S.-H.); 11. Helo- 

 philus pendulus Z. (S.-H.); 12. 

 Syritta pipiens Z. (S.-H.); 13. 

 Syrphus sp. (S.-H.); 14. Volucella 

 bombylans Z., var. plumata Mg. 

 (S.-H. and R.). All skg. C. 

 Hymenoptera. Apidae: 15. 

 Apis mellifica Z. (S.-H.); 16. 

 Bombus terrester Z. (S.-H.); 17. 

 Halictus malachurus K. j (R.). All 



Fig. 214. Jasione nwniana, L. (after Herm. Muller). 

 (i) Reproductive organs of a young bud : the undehisced 

 anthers have been pressed apart to show the stylar brush which 

 they surround. (2) Ditto of an older bud : the anthers have 

 shed their pollen on the stylar brush, and contracted into 

 narrow lobes which cohere at their bases into a ring sur- 

 rounding the style. (3) Flower in the first (male) stage, 

 (4) Ditto in the second (female) stage, after removal of the 

 calyx and corolla, a, undehisced anthers ; a', dehisced ditto ; y, 

 sweeping-hairs ; fi^ filaments ; gr, style ; ov, ovary ; /, corolla ; 

 po, pollen ; j, calyx ; st, stigma. 



skg. and po-cltg. D. Lepidoptera. 



(a) Rhopalocera: i8. Argynnis paphia Z. (R.); 19. Epinephele janira Z. (S.-H. 

 and R.); 20. Lycaena semiargus Z. (S.-H.); 21. Pararge maera Z. (S.-H.); 

 22. Polyommatus phlaeas Z. (S.-H.) ; 23. Vanessa urticae Z. (S.-H.). (<5) Sphingidae : 

 24. Zygaena filipendula Z. (S.-H.); 25. Z. sp. (R.). All skg. 



Alfken observed the following. 



In Bremen. A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Chrysotoxum festivum Z. B. Hy- 

 menoptera. {a) Apidae: 2. Anthidium strigatum Z/r. J; 3. Andrena denticulata 



