30 



AN GOISPERM AE DICOTYLEDON ES 



Herm. Miiller saw 3 humble-bees in the Alps, and gives the following list for 

 Westphalia. 



A. Diptera. {a) Empidae: i. Empis opaca F., skg., extraordinarily numerous. 

 {b) Muscidae: 2. Echinomyia fera Z., repeatedly, skg. {c) Syrphidae: 3. Eristalis 

 arbustorum Z., in very great numbers, skg. ; 4. E. horticola Deg., one, skg. ; 5. E. 

 intricarius Z., do. ; 6. Rhingia rostrata Z., freq., skg. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 

 7. Andrena atriceps K. S, skg. ; 8. A. fulva Schr. j, skg. ; 9. A. gwynana K. $, skg.; 

 10. A. nigroaenea K. 5 and $, skg. ; 11. A. pilipes F. J, skg. ; 12. Apis mellifica Z. 5, 

 freq., skg.; 13. Bombus agrorum F. 5, skg. ; 14. B. confusus Schenck 5, skg.; 15. B. 

 hortorum Z. 5, skg.; 16. B. sylvarum Z. $, skg.; 17. B. pratorum Z. 5, skg.; 

 18. B. terrester Z. 5, in large numbers, skg.; 19, CoUetes cunicularius Z. 5, skg.; 

 20. Halictus cylindricus F. 5, skg.; 21. H. flavipes F. 5, skg.; 22. H. rubicundus 

 Chr. 5, skg.; 23. H. sexnotatus K. 5, skg.; 24. H. sexstrigatus Schenck 5, skg.; 

 25. H. zonulus Sm. 5, one, skg. ; 26. Nomada ferruginata K. 5, skg. ; 27. N. ruficornis 

 Z. 5, skg. ; 28. N. sexcincta K. J, skg. ; 29. N. succincta Pz. 5, one, skg. ; 30. Osmia 

 rufa Z. $, skg. ; 31. Psithyrus campestris Pz. 5, skg.; 32. P. vestalis Fourcr. 5, do. 

 C. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera-. 33. LycaenaargiolusZ., skg. ; 34. Thecla rubi Z,, do. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Knuth (North Frisian Islands), Apis, a humble-bee, and a hover-fly. Loew (on 

 the Albula, in the Alps), 2 humble-bees (Bombus alpinus Z. 5, and B. alticola Krchb. 

 5) and a hover-fly (Sericomyia lappona Z.). Frey (canton Graubiinden), the Tortricid 

 moth Phoxopteryx myrtillana Tr. Schneider (Arctic Norway), 3 humble-bees 

 I. Bombus lapponicus F.', 2. B. pratorum Z.; 3. B. scrimshiranus K. (Tromso^ 

 Mus. Aarsh., 1894). Lindman (Dovrefjeld), a humble-bee. 



1753. V. Vitis-Idaea L. (Herm. Muller, * Alpenblumen,' pp. 380-1 ; Warming, 

 ' Bestovningsmaade,' p. 7 ; Warnstorf, Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896; Ricca, 



Atti Soc. ital. sc. nat., Milano, xiv, 3, 

 1 87 1.) This species is homogamous. 

 The flowers are white in colour, often 

 with a reddish tinge, widely open, and 

 oblique. Nectar is secreted as in the last 

 species, and the passage to it is covered 

 by the stamens, of which the filaments are 

 clothed with hairs externally and laterally. 

 The anthers closely surround the style, 

 are produced into tubes, and dehisce 

 apically, allowing some pollen to escape 

 when insect visitors strike against them. 

 The stigma matures at the same time as 

 the anthers, and are first touched by 

 visitors, which then press the latter apart 

 and get dusted with pollen. Crossing 

 is therefore ensured by insect-visits. 

 Warnstorf describes the flowers as protogynous, with a style which may be only 

 as long as the stamens, equal in length to the corolla, or exserted. The flowers are 

 not infrequently male by suppression of the pistil. The white filaments are covered 

 with hairs externally as well as marginally, and such of these hairs as are situated in 

 the base of the flower serve as nectar-covers. The pollen-grains are white in colour, 



Fig. 217. Vaccinium Vt'ft's-ltiaea, L. (aSter Htrm. 

 Muller). A. Flower in longitudinal section (x 5). 

 B. Stamen seen from the inner side (x 7). C. Do. 

 from the outer side, a, anther ; , nectary ; ov, ovary ; 

 fi, corolla; s, calyx: st, stigma. 



