ERICACEAE 41 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller gives the following list for Westphalia. 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Rhingia rostrata Z., very common, skg. ; 2. Volu- 

 cella bombylans Z., freq., skg. ; 3. V, haemorrhoidalis Zett., one, skg. ; 4. V. plumata 

 L., repeatedly, skg. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 5. Apis mellifica Z. ^, its pro- 

 boscis being only 6 mm. long, it is unable to suck legitimately, and therefore it bites 

 through the middle of the bell from outside and steals nectar through the hole ; once 

 skg. normally ; 6. Bombus agrorum F. 5 and 5, very freq., skg., hanging on the bell 

 from below and inserting its proboscis into the opening ; 7. B. muscorum F. J, 5 

 and 5, do.; 8. B. rajellus K. |^, do.; 9. B. sylvarum Z. 5 and 5, do.; 10. B. terrester 

 L. % do., small 5 alternately perforate the bells and steal nectar, and suck legitimately ; 

 II. Nomada solidaginis Pz. $, once, apparently vainly skg. C. Lepidoptera. 

 Noctm'dae: 12. Plusia gamma Z., in enormous numbers, skg. D. Thysanoptera. 

 13. Thrips, freq. 



Knuth observed the following in Schleswig-Holstein. 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Eristalis sp. ; 2. Helophilus pendulus Z. ; 3. Vo- 

 lucella bombylans Z. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 4. Andrena pubescens K. 5 ; 

 5. Apis mellifica Z. ; 6. Bombus agrorum F. ; 7. B. cognatus Sieph. ; 8. B, derha- 

 mellus K.) 9. B. distinguendus Mor.; 10. B. lapidarius Z. ; 11. B. terrester Z. 

 C. Lepidoptera. {a) Noduidae: 12. Plusia gamma Z. (J)) Rhopalocera: 13. 

 Epinephele janira Z. ic) Sphingidae : 14. Zygaena filipendulae Z. 



On July 26, 1897, Knuth observed many honey-bees, skg. legitimately near 

 Norddorf in the island of Amrum. Although their proboscis is only 6 mm. long, 

 while the bells were 7 mm. in length, they must have obtained plenty of nectar, for 

 they flew steadily from flower to flower, remaining several seconds on each. Some 

 of them now and then examined the bases of the flowers, obviously for the purpose 

 of biting a hole through which to steal nectar, but few actually did this, as for the 

 most part they went back to the mouth of the corolla and continued to suck normally. 



Alfken records the following for Bremen. 



A. Diptera. Muscidae: i. Echinomyia grossa Z. B. Hymenoptera. [a) 



Apidae: 2. Bombus derhamellus -ff'. 5; 3- ^- distinguendus J/ijr. 5; 4. B. jonellus 

 K.'<^\ 5. B. lucorum Z, 5 ; 6. B. muscorum Z". 5 ; 7- B. terrester Z. 5 ; 8. B. varia- 

 bilis Schmiedekn. 5; 9- Halictus lineolatus Lep. (=H. canescens Schenck) 5; 10. 

 Megachile analis Nyl. 5 and J; 11. M. circumcincta K. 5 and $; 12. Psithyrus 

 campestris Pz. 5. {b) Sphegidae: 13. Mellinus arvensis Z. 5 and S, skg. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Wiistnei (Sylt), the bee Andrena nigriceps K. Smith (England), the bee Poda- 

 lirius bimaculatus Pz. Willis and Burkill (Central Wales), a butterfly (Coenonympha 

 pamphilus Z., skg.) and 3 humble-bees i. Bombus agrorum F., skg.; 2. B. lapida- 

 rius Z., skg.; 3. B. terrester Z., skg. (' Fls. and Insects in Gt. Britain,' Part I). 

 Willis (op. cit.) (neighbourhood of south coast of Scotland), 3 bees i. Apis mellifica 

 Z., freq., skg. ; 2. Bombus agrorum F., very common, skg. ; 3. B. hortorum Z., freq., 

 skg. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), Apis, 3 humble-bees, a IVIuscid, and a hover-fly 

 (' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 113). 



1764. E. cinerea L. (Ogle, Pop. Sci. Rev., London, ix, 1870, p. 170; Powell, 

 J. Bot., London, xxii, 1884, pp. 278-9; Schulz, ' Beitrage.') Ogle says that the 

 flower mechanism of this species entirely agrees with that of E. Tetralix. Powell 

 and Schulz both state that the bells are sometimes perforated by humble-bees. 



Visitors. Willis observed the following in the neighbourhood of the south 

 coast of Scotland (' Fls. and Insects in Gt. Britain,' Part I). 



