CAMPANULA CEAE 3 



tube is 7-8 mm. long and 1^-2 mm. broad. MacLeod states that the flower 

 mechanism agrees essentially with that of L. Erinus. 



Visitors. In spite of repeated watching by the Einfelder See (at Neumiinster) 

 I failed to observe any. 



1691. L. fulgens Willd. 



Visitors. Delpino (loc. cit.) believes that pollination is effected by humming- 

 birds. 



1692. L. laxiflora H. B. et K. ( = Siphocampylus bicolor G. Don). (Hilda- 

 brand, 'D. Geschlechts-Vert. b. d. Pfl.,' p. 64.) The flower mechanism of this 

 species is as described under Lobelia. 



Visitors. Delpino believes that pollination is effected by humming-birds. 



507. Isotoma Lindl. 

 Some of the species have been described as self-sterile. 



1693. I. axillaris Lindl. (Hildebrand, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxvii, 1869, p. 476.) 

 Hildebrand states that the flower mechanism resembles that of Lobelia, but the 

 two lower anthers possess appendages against which visitors strike, causing the pollen 

 to be scattered. 



508. Heterotoma Zucc. 

 The flower mechanism resembles that of Lobelia (Hildebrand, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, 

 xxviii, 1870, p. 639), but the lobes of the corolla are bent down and produced into 

 a spur, and the filaments are only united together just below the anthers. 



509. Monopsis SaHsb. 

 The species of this African genus are homogamous. Urban says that the 

 flowers possess a saucer-shaped stylar brush, by which the pollen is swept out of 

 the anther-cyUnder (Jahrb. bot. Gart., Berlin, i, 1881). 



2. Tribe Cyphieae. 

 In this tribe there is a brush on the dilated stigma, which extends to the anthers. 

 These lie close together and shed their pollen to make up a large mass. Insect 

 visitors force the anthers apart, and thus bring their ventral surface into contact with 

 the stigma and the pollen (Delpino, 'Ult. oss,' pp. 100-2; Hildebrand, Bot. Ztg., 

 Leipzig, xxviii, 1870). 



3. Tribe Campanulae. 



Literature. Knuth, ' Grundriss d. Bliitenbiol.,' p. 68 ; S. Schonland, ' Cam- 

 panulaceae' in Engler and Prantl, ' D. nat. Pflanzenfam.,' IV, 5, p. 44. 



The species so far examined are markedly protandrous. ' Those of the genus 

 Campanula bear bee flowers (Hb), while the flowers of species belonging to the 

 genera Phyteuma and Jasione are aggregated into capitulate inflorescences, and 

 therefore belong to class S. 



The flower mechanism has been very thoroughly described by O. Kirchner, who 

 ends his account with the following general considerations (Jahreshefte Ver. Natk., 

 Stuttgart, liii, 1897, pp. 193-228). 



