6o ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



been seen by me on the flowers in East Holstein, Mecklenburg, Riigen, and Thuringia ; 

 by MacLeod in Belgium, Buddeberg in Nassau, Herm. MuUer in Westphalia, Krieger 

 at Leipzig, Alfken at Bremen; Friese in Mecklenburg, Baden, Alsace, and Hungary, 

 also at Fiume and Trieste ; Nylander in Finland, Morawitz at St. Petersburg, and 

 Delpino in Tuscany ('Ult. oss.,' Atti Soc. ital. sc. nat., IVIilano, xvi, 1873). Herm. 

 Miiller adds that he found the bee in tolerable numbers on flowers growing in sunny 

 stations, the females (which he only saw on this species) industriously brushing off 

 the pollen and heaping it up in thick moistened balls on their hind-legs. How the 

 necessary moisture is obtained is doubtful, but probably the bee bores into the juicy 

 cellular tissues of the flowers. The blades of its maxillae, however, are blunt and 

 clothed with long hairs, so that the function they usually perform may perhaps be 

 carried out by the spines with which the short thick ligula is beset. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Herm. IMiiller. A. Diptera. Syrphidae : i . Syritta pipiens Z., po-dvg. on var. 

 (b), effecting both self- and cross-pollination; 2. Syrphus balteatus Deg., po-dvg. 

 B. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae : 3. Andrena denticulata I^. J, one, vainly searching 

 for nectar ; 4. Halictus zonulus Sm. S, one, do.; 5. Macropis labiata Fz., var. fulvipes 

 J^. $ (Bavarian Oberpfalz). (d) Vespidae : 6. Odynerus parietum L. 5, one, po-cltg. 

 and vainly searching for nectar. Knuth (Riigen), the fossorial wasp Crabro palmarius 

 Schreb. Alfken (Bremen), the bees Halictus calceatus Scop., and H. morio F. Friese 

 for Fiume (F.) and Trieste (T.), 2 bees i. Andrena korleviciana Friese (F., T.), 

 not rare (Korlevic); 2. iVIacropis frivaldskyi il/i'f.r. (Hungary), occasional (F.), freq. 

 (Korlevic). 



1795. L. nemorum L. (Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 532; MacLeod, 

 Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, p. 444; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') 

 In the egg-yellow flowers of this species the diverging stamens are of equal length, 

 and remote from the siigma, which is situated at a somewhat lower level. Kerner 

 states, however, that automatic self-pollination takes place by contact of anthers and 

 stigma. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Knuth, the po-dvg. hover-fly Syrphus balteatus Deg. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), 

 a Muscid and several Dolichopodids (' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 115). 



1796. L. Nummularia L. (Darwin, 'Variation,' II, p. 154; Kirchner, 'Flora 

 v. Stuttgart,' p. 532; jNIacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, p. 444; 

 Warnstorf, Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896 ; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') 

 The large golden-yellow flowers of this species are marked internally with glandular 

 brown points. Their stamens are of unequal length. Although owing to the size of 

 the flowers crossing by insect visitors appears to take place pretty frequently, auto- 

 matic self-pollination can also be easily effected, as was pointed out by Darwin, 

 though this rarely results in the formation of seeds. Warming suggests that this is 

 because all the plants of a particular station have been derived from the same original 

 stock. Warnstorf states that the flowers are protogynous at Ruppin. At the time 

 when the pollen is ripe the anthers are usually at the same level as the stigma, so that 

 autogamy is inevitable. The pollen-grains are yellow in colour, very irregular 



