PRIMULACEAE 



67 



that of P. elatior and they are yellow in colour, usually with an orange-red patch 

 in the throat that serves as a nectar-guide. Flowers devoid of this patch have, 

 however, been observed by Kirchner in Wurtemburg and Appel (as he tells me in 

 a letter) at Wiirzburg. Schulz has measured the flowers and finds that they do not 

 attain their full size till towards the end of anthesis. In long-styled flowers the style 

 usually elongates during this process of growth, but sometimes its development is 

 arrested, so that the anthers and stigma are ultimately at the same level. Breitenbach 

 and Schulz noticed such equal-styled (isostylous) flowers. The latter states that the 

 short-styled form is somewhat smaller 

 than the long-styled one, and that its 

 style is always of approximately the 

 same length. Kirchner noticed large- 

 and small-flowered forms in Wurtem- 

 berg. 



In the island of Moen E. Ljung- 

 strom observed two forms in which 

 the calyx was markedly short or long, 

 respectively, as compared with the 

 corolla-tube, and he gave them the 

 varietal names of brevicalyx and 

 longicalyx. He also found variations 

 as regards the breadth of the limb 

 of the corolla, and distinguished 

 between two forms, laiiloba and 

 angiistiloba, respectively possessing 



a broad and a narrow limb. In flowers with a short calyx the corolla was often 

 very large, elegantly saucer-shaped, and of a beautiful yellow colour. On the other 

 hand, a long calyx was not infrequently associated with a smaller and paler corolla. 



The corolla-tube is fairly often perforated by humble-bees. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 istated. 



Herm. Miiller. A. Coleoptera. Nitidulidae : i. Meligethes, po-dvg. B. 

 Diptera. BombylUdae : 2. Bombylius discolor Mg., skg. C. Hymenoptera. 

 3. Andrena gwynana J^. 5, in large numbers, po-cltg. on short-styled flowers, but 

 leaving long-styled ones after a brief visit ; 4. Anthophora pilipes i^. 5 and $, freq., 

 skg. ; 5. Bombus agrorum JF". 5, skg. ; 6. Halictus albipes F. $, as 3 ; 7. H. 

 cylindricus F. 5, do. Knuth, the butterfly Rhodocera rhamni Z., and the humble-bee 

 Bombus hortorum Z. (c/. P. elatior). Loew (Brandenburg), the humble-bee Bombus 

 hortorum Z., skg. ('Beitrage,' p. 45); (Berlin Botanic Garden), the bee Anthophora 

 pilipes F, skg., on the var. colorata. MacLeod (Pyrenees), the humble-bee Bombus 

 rajellus K. (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 372). F. E. Weiss (England), 

 2 humble-bees Bombus muscorum F., and B. terrester Z. 



1815. P. vulgaris Huds. (=P. acaulis Hill). (Darwin, 'Forms of Flowers,' 

 PP- 34-5. 37, 266; Lange, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xiv, 1885, pp. 147-58; Correns, 

 Ber. D. bot. Ges., BerHn, vii, 1889, pp. 265-72 ; Focke, Abh. natw. Ver., Bremen, ix, 

 1887, pp. 75-6; Cobelli,Abh. Zool. Bot. Ges., Wien, xliii, 1892, pp. 73-8; Ljungstrom, 

 -Eine Primula-Exkursion nach Moen'; Knuth, Bot. Centralbl., Cassel, Iv, 1893, 



F 2 



Fig. 240. Primula officinalis, /acq. (after Hildebrand). 

 (a) Long-styled and (5) short-styled flowers, partly dissected 

 from the side. 



