PRIMULACEAE 



79 



Herm. Miiller (on pendula), a humble-bee and a beetle ; (on inclinaid) 3 INIuscids 

 and a moth. Schulz, 20 bees (including Bombus alticola Krchb) and various flies 

 and beetles. 



1837. S. minima Hoppe. (Schulz, 'Beitrage/ II, p. 191.) The conical 

 flowers of this species are 8-15 mm. long, and project almost at right angles 

 from the main axis, so that automatic self-pollination is rendered difficult in spite 

 of the homogamy. 



Visitors. Schulz saw 2 bees and 7 flies. 



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B 



550. Cyclamen L. 



Protandrous pollen flowers, from which visitors perhaps obtain sap by boring 

 the delicate tissue of the corolla-tube. The anthers make up a sprinkling arrange- 

 ment, as in Borago. 

 Their lobes dehisce by 

 terminal pores, and 

 are produced into stiff 

 appendages against 

 which visitors strike. 

 Automatic self-pollina- 

 tion is ultimately ef- 

 fected by strong down- 

 ward inclination of the 

 peduncle, bringing the 

 stigma into the line 

 of fall of the pollen 

 {cf. Fig. 250). 



According to Hil- 

 debrand (Ber. D. bot. 

 Ges., Berlin, xv, 1897, 

 pp. 292-8), the species 



of Cyclamen are at 



first entomophilous and 



afterwards anemophi- 



lous, as in the cases of 



Calluna vulgaris. Erica 



camea, and Bartsia 



alpina described by 



Kerner('Nat.Hist.Pl.,' 



Eng. Ed. I, II, p. 129). 



The pollen-grains are 



at first covered by sticky 



oil, but later on cease 



to be adhesive and 



become pulverulent. Although the anthers usually dehisce in the bud autogamy 



cannot take place, partly owing to the initial stickiness of the pollen and partly 







Fig. 250. Cyclamen lali/olium, Sibth. et Sm. (from Kerner, after Ascher- 

 son). A. Diagram of the parts of the flower at the beginning of anthesis. 

 The direction in which the pollen falls is far removed from the stigma. B. Do. 

 at time of complete development. By further bending of the peduncle the line of 

 fall of the pollen is brought nearer the stigma. C. Do. at the end of anthesis. 

 The stigma is now in the line of fall of the pollen, a, peduncle ; 6, cone of 

 anthers : c, line of fall of the pollen ; d, e, direction of basal and terminal parts 

 of the peduncle (and of the style). 



