84 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



5, freq., skg. {b) Vespidae: 15. Odynerus sp., vainly searching for nectar and going 

 away at once. C. Lepidoptera. {a) Rhopalocera: 16. Anthocharis cardamines Z. ; 

 17. Papilio machaon Z. ; 18. P. podalirius Z. ; 19. Pieris brassicae Z., freq. ; 

 20. P. napi Z., freq.; 21. P. rapae Z,, freq. ; 22. Vanessa io Z., skg. ; 23. V. urticae 

 Z., freq. {b) Sphiftgidae: 24. Macroglossa fuciformis Z., in large numbers, skg.; 

 25. M. stellatarum Z., do. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Knuth (North Frisian Islands and Kiel), the honey-bee, 2 humble-bees, 3 butter- 

 flies (Pieris sp.), and 4 hover-flies. C. Schroder (Rendsburg), 3 species of hawk-moth, 

 freq. (i. Sphinx ligustri Z. ; 2. Deilephila elpenor Z. ; 3. D. porcellus Z.), and 

 numerous Noctuids : all skg. Alfken (Bremen). A. Coleoptera. Elateridae : 

 I. Corymbites pectinicornis Z. B. Hymenoptera. {a) Api'dae: 2. Apis mellifica 

 Z. ; 3. Bombus hortorum Z. 5 ; 4. B. sylvarum Z. 5 ; 5. B. terrester Z. 5 ; 6. Po- 

 dalirius retusus Z. 5 ; 7. Psithyrus barbutellus ^. $ ; 8. P. vestalis Fourcr. $. (3) 

 Tenthredinidae : 9. Trichiosoma betuleti Klg. {c) Vespidae: 10. Vespa germanica 

 F. 5. Schenck (Nassau), the parasitic bee Melecta armata Pz. Friese (Strasburg), 

 the carpenter-bee Xylocopa violacea Z. 5 and J, freq. 



1848. S. chinensis Willd. (Kirchner, ' Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 538.) Kirchner 

 states that this species, like S. vulgaris, is homogamous or feebly protandrous or 

 protogynous, and that its flower mechanism is similar. It is never fertile in 

 Germany. 



Visitors. F. F. Kohl observed the true wasp Leionotus nigripes H.-Sch. in the fl 

 Tyrol. 



1849. S. persica L. (Herm. Muller, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 62; Kirchner, 

 * Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 538 ; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') The flowers of this 

 species are gynomonoecious. Hermann Muller observed hermaphrodite and female 

 flowers in the same inflorescence. The former are more numerous and of greater 

 size, homogamous, with the stigma in the middle of the corolla-tube and the anthers 

 at its entrance. The anthers of the smaller female flowers are reduced, and generally 

 situated at the same level as the stigma, though sometimes they may be either higher 

 or lower than this, Some of these flowers possess only three corolla-lobes, and 

 others but a single stamen. 



In addition to the large hermaphrodite flowers Kirchner noticed here and there 

 smaller ones with non-dehiscing anthers. 



Visitors. Knuth observed the butterfly Pieris napi Z., skg. ; Herm. Mailer the 

 bee Osmia rufa Z. $, do. ; and Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), the humble-bee 

 Bombus hortorum Z. 5, do. 



556. Forsythia Vahl. 



Flowers yellow, homogamous, appearing before the leaves; with concealed 

 nectar. Darwin (' Forms of Flowers ') describes the species as heterostylous, but 

 Hildebrand states (Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, lii, 1894) that our gardens contain only the 

 short-styled form of F. suspensa and the long-styled one of F. viridissima. The 

 seeds obtained from the former always grow up into the hybrid F. intermedia (=F. 

 suspensa x F. viridissima). 



1850. F. viridissima Lindl. (Herm. Muller, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 63.) The 

 flower mechanism of this species agrees essentially with that of Ligustrum. The 



