lOO 



ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



2. Species with nectar secreted by the base of the ovary, and a bell-shaped 

 corolla adapted to humble-bees (humble-bee flowers; sub -genus Coelanthe): 

 G. purpurea Z., G. pannonica Scop., *G. punctata Z., G. cruciata Z., *G. ascle- 

 piadea Z., G. Pneumonanthe Z., G. Froelichii Jan., G. frigida Haenke, G. acaulis Z. 



3. Species with nectar secreted by the base of the ovary, and with the broad 

 disk-shaped stigma so closely surrounded by the long tubular corolla that only 

 long-tongued Lepidoptera can suck conveniently (Lepidopterid flowers ; sub-genus 

 Cyclostigma) : *G. bavarica Z., *G. verna Z., G. imbricata Froel., G. pumila Jacq., 

 G. utriculosa Z., *G. nivalis Z. 



4. Flowers adapted to pollination by humble-bees, and with nectar secreted by 

 the lowest part of the corolla (humble-bee flowers; sub-genus Crossopetalum) ; 

 *G. ciliata. 



5. Species adapted to pollination by humble-bees and Lepidoptera, and with 

 nectar secreted as in 4 (humble-bee and Lepidopterid flowers ; sub-genus Endotricha) ; 



*G. campestris Z., G. germanica Willd., G. 

 AmarellaZ.,*G.obtusifolia Willd., *G.tenella 

 Rotth., *G. nana Wulf. 



The species in the above list to which 

 an asterisk (*) is prefixed have been de- 

 scribed in a masterly way by Hermann 

 Miiller in his ' Alpenblumen.' I would 

 refer the student to his accounts, and in 

 what follows add some of Mtiller's earlier 

 observations, as well as those of other 

 investigators. 



Kerner applies the term ' revolver 

 flowers' to the blossoms of many species 

 (e.g. G. acaulis Z., G. angustifolia Michx.. 

 and G. Clusii Perr. et Song.) on account 

 of their narrow tubular nectar-passages. 

 {Cf. the note on Convolvulus.) 



1894. G. lutea L. (Herm. Mailer, 

 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 329-30.) The yellow homogamous flowers of this species 

 secrete exposed nectar, and automatic self-pollination is possible. 



Visitors. Herm. Mttller observed 3 beetles, 14 flies, 6 Hymenoptera, and 

 2 Lepidoptera. 



1895. G. punctata L. (Herm. MOller, op. cit., pp. 330-2.) This species 

 bears protogynous humble-bee flowers, yellow in colour, with black punctations. 

 Automatic self-pollination is generally excluded. Kerner describes the flowers 

 as protandrous. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed 2 beetles, 2 flies, 7 Hymenoptera (including 

 5 humble-bees), and 3 Lepidoptera. Crossing is effected by humble-bees only. 



1896. G. purpurea L. (Kirchner, 'Beitrdge,' pp. 47-9.) Kirchner says 

 that the flower mechanism of this species agrees essentially with that of G. punctata, 

 the blossoms being feebly protogynous humble-bee flowers. They are strongly 



Fig. 260. Gentiana lutea, L. (from Herm. Mttller's 

 'Alpenblumen'). A. Oblique view of fully expanded 

 flower. B. Bases of the pistil and two stamens, 

 a, anther ; fi, filament ; , nectary ; ov, ovary ; f, 

 petal ; s; sepal ; st, stigma. 



