104 



ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



1904. G. Froelichii Jan. Kerner states that this species bears protandrous 

 humble-bee flowers. 



1905. G. bavarica L. (Herm. Miiller, * Alpenblumen,' pp. 341-2; Kemer, 

 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, pp. 181-2, 209, 219, 282, 311.) This species bears 

 homogamous (according to Kerner protogynous) odourless Lepidopterid flowers, 

 with nectar concealed at a depth of 20-2 mm. Visitors can effect self- as well as 

 cross-pollination, but foreign pollen is prepotent. Kerner says that the flowers open 

 very quickly, and that only the edge of the stigma is papillose. 



VisrroRS. The most frequent pollinator observed by Herm. Miiller was the 

 diurnal hawk-moth Macroglossa stellatarum Z. (proboscis 25-8 mm. long) visiting 

 hundreds of flowers in a few minutes. 



1906. G. vema L. (Herm. Miiller, op. cit., pp. 340-1 ; Kerner, op. cit, pp. 

 198, 209, 311; Delpino, 'Ult. oss.,' p. i68; MacLeod, ' PyreneSnbl.') This species 

 bears homogamous (according to Kemer protogynous) Lepidopterid flowers, with 

 nectar concealed at a depth of 23 mm. Their mechanisiri agrees with that of 

 G. bavarica. Kemer says that the flowers open very quickly. 



Visitors. The following 

 were recorded by the observers, 

 and for the localities stated. 



Herm. Miiller (Alps) and 

 MacLeod (Pyrenees), the diur- 

 nal hawk-moth Macroglossa 

 stellatarum L., as the actual 

 pollinator. Hoffer (Steier- 

 mark), the humble-bee Bombus 

 mastmcatus Gersi. 5. 



1907. G. prostrata 



Haenke. (Kemer, ' Nat. Hist. 

 PL,' Eng. Ed. I, II, p. 391.)- 

 Kemer states that in the pro- 

 tandrous flowers of this species 

 nectar is secreted at the base 

 of the ovary. In unfavourable 



weather automatic self-pollination takes place pseudo-cleistogamously in the closed 



flowers. 



1908. G. utriculosa L. Kemer states that the flowers of this species open 

 about 8-9 a. m. and close again about 3-4 p. m. 



1909. G. nivalis L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 342-3 ; Kerner, 

 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, pp. 116, 220; Warming, 'Arkt. Vaxt. Biol.,' pp. 

 8-9 ; Lindman, ' Bidrag till Kanned. om Fjellvaxt. Blomn. o. Befrukt.') This 

 species bears homogamous Lepidopterid flowers. Their conspicuousness is small, 

 and Hermann Miiller saw no lepidopterous visitors capable of getting at the nectar. 

 Automatic self-pollination is easily possible, for the anthers apply themselves to the 

 stigma. In this respect Warming and Lindman state that flowers from Greenland 

 and the Dovrefjeld agree with those from the Alps, and Warming even frequently 



Fig. 263. Gentiana tenella, Ro/i6.({rom Herm. Mailer's ' Alpen- 

 blamen '). A. Flower partly dissected from the side. B. Part 

 of the corolla-tube, seen from inside. C. Opening of corolla-tube, 

 from above. , nectary ; o, & nectar-passage. 



