BORAGINEAE I17 



As the style is only ^mm. long, the stigma is below the simultaneously maturing 

 anthers, which alternate with the projections in the throat of the corolla, and are 

 situated just under them. The anthers dehisce introrsely, so that automatic self- 

 pollination is easily effected by fall of pollen on the stigma. 



This species is very common on the high land of Helgoland, where fruits are 

 always set, although insect-visits are very few^, so that its self-fertility is beyond 

 question. 



Visitors. Despite continuous watching during favourable weather in Helgoland 

 I have only seen (5. 6. '97) the small bee Andrena labialis K. J, skg. 



597. Echinospermum Sw. 



Flowers homogamous ; with concealed nectar, secreted by the fleshy receptacle 

 immediately below the ovary. 



1956. E. Lapptila Leh. (=Lappula Myosotis il/i^^/zr^, and Myosotis Lappula 

 L). (Herm. Miiller, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 19, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 261; Kirchner, 

 ' Flora V. Stuttgart,' p. 553.) So long as the corolla is enclosed in the bud it is 

 white in colour, becoming pale-red when 

 it emerges from the calyx, and ultimately 

 sky-blue. Its limb is contracted in a 

 companulate fashion, and five yellowish- 

 white involutions which narrow its throat 

 serve as nectar-giiides. The inner margin 

 of these appears yellow as seen from 

 above, and there are ten radial white 

 streaks. The simultaneously maturing 

 stigmas and anthers are close together, 

 and must be touched by opposite sides 



of the proboscis of an insect probing for Fig. 269. Echinospermum Lappula, L. (after 



u_ _*_ _4. .u 1 ^t.1. c iX. u .. Herm. Miiller). A. Flower, seen directly from above. 



the nectar at the bottom of the short 5. Do., partly dissected from the side (x 7). ^.anthers; 



corolla-tube, so that crossing is favoured. '. nectaries. 

 Should insect-visits fail, automatic self- 

 pollination is inevitable, owing to the close proximity of anthers and stigmas. 

 A proboscis of 6-7 mm. long is necessary to get at the nectar. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed small hover-flies and 2 Lepidoptera in the 

 Alps, and the following in Thuringia. 



A. Diptera. {a) Muscidae: i. Anthomyia sp., skg. {b) Syrphidae: 2. Syritta 

 pipiens Z., skg,, freq. B. Hymenoptera. {a) Apidae : 3. Andrena sp. 5, skg. 

 {d) Sphegidae: 4. Cerceris variabilis -SV^r., freq., persistently skg. 



598. Cynoglossum L. 



Flowers usually homogamous ; with concealed nectar, secreted by the fleshy 



I receptacle below the ovary, and concealed in the base of the corolla-tube. 



' 1957- C. officinale L. (Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' pp. 89-90 ; Herm. Muller, 



'Weit.. Beob.,' Ill, p. 19; Kirchner, ' Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 553; Loew, * Bliitenbiol. 



Floristik,' p. 39 1 ; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') The corolla-tube of the dirty- 



