SOLANACEAE 157 



Visitors. Delpino says that these are possibly humming-birds. 



2033. I. macrocalyx Miers. (Lagerheim, Ber. D. bot. Ges., Berlin, ix, 1891, 

 pp. 348-51) 



Visitors. Lagerheim states that these are humming-birds. 



632. Scopolia Jacq. 



Protogynous humble-bee flowers ; with nectar secreted by an annular disk below 

 the ovary. 



2034. S. carniolica Jacq. (=S. atropoides Bercht. et Presl, and Hyoscyamus 

 Scopolia Z.). (Hildebrand, 'D. Geschlechts-Vert. b. d. Pfl.,' p. 18; Kerner, 'Nat. 

 Hist. PL, Eng. Ed. x, II, p. 305; Loew, 'Bliitenbiol. Floristik/ p. 284; Warnstorf, 

 Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) The pendulous bell-shaped flowers of this 

 species are of a brown colour externally, with yellow veins, and pale-yellow internally. 

 Loew describes them as about 25 mm. long and 15 mm. broad. The capitate stigma 

 projects beyond the anthers. Kerner says that the stigma and anthers change 

 places as in Mandragora. 



Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as white in colour, rounded tetrahedral, 

 smooth, up to 50 /A in diameter. 



Visitors. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed a bee with rust-red covering 

 of hairs (Andrena fulva Schr. }) creeping right into the flowers and skg. 



633. Hyoscyamus L. 



Homogamous humble-bee flowers; with nectar secreted by the base of the 

 ovary, and concealed in the corolla-tube. 



2035. H. niger L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 124-5; Herm. Miiller, 'Fer- 

 tilisation,' p. 427; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 571; Ludwig, Bot. Centralbl., 

 Cassel, viii, 1881, p. 89; Warnstorf, Verh. bot. Ver., BerHn, xxxviii, 1896 ; Kerner, 

 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, pp. 305, 306.) The flowers of this species are 

 directed obliquely downwards. The feebly zygomorphous corolla is of a dirty 

 pale-yellow colour, with violet nectar-guides. The filaments are covered with 

 hairs above their insertions, and apply themselves to the downwardly bent style. 

 At their bases are three nectar-passages blocked by hairs. As the stigma projects 

 beyond the anthers, cross-pollination by insects is favoured. Kerner says that the 

 anthers are at first situated about 7 mm. below the stigma, but the corolla grows so 

 as to bring them to the same level by the evening, with the result that autogamy 

 takes place. He adds that stigma and anthers change places, as in Mandragora, 

 Scopolia, and others. 



In fully fruiting plants of the variety b. agrestt's Veit., Ludwig noticed that 

 the last flowers on the inflorescence and its branches were reduced, the lower 

 I of these being cleistogamously autocarpous, while the terminal ones were represented 

 by vestigial calyces, either empty or completely sterile. 



Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as white in colour, ellipsoidal, densely 

 tuberculate, about 44 /x long and 36 /a broad. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



