i64 ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDON ES 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller gives the following list. 



A. Coleoptera. Nitidulidae : i. Meligethes freq. B. Diptera. (a) Bom- 

 byludae : 2. Systoechus sulphureus Mtk., skg. {b) Syrphtdae : 3. Eristalis arbustorum 

 Z., alternately po-dvg, and busy about the filament-hairs with its proboscis-lobes; 



4. Syritta pipiens L., do.; 5. Syrphus balteatus Deg., do. {c/. Vol. I, p. 179). 



C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 6. Andrena pilipes F. 5, po-cltg. ; 7. Bombus 

 agrorum J^. 5, skg, ; 8. B. terrester Z. 5, skg. and po-cltg. ; 9. Halictus sexnotatus 

 J^. 5, skg.; 10. Prosopis communis Nyl. 5, po-dvg.; 11. P. signata Pz. 5, do. 



D. Lepidoptera. Mkrolepidoptera: 12. Ephestia elutella Z^3., skg. E. Neuro- 

 ptera. 1 3. Panorpa communisZ., 1kg. various parts of the flower. F. Thysanoptera. 

 14. Thrips, freq. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Warnstorf, small po-dvg. beetles. Alfken (Bremen), 4 bees i. Andren; 

 gwynana K. 5, 2nd gen. ; 2. Coelioxys rufescens Lep. 5, skg. ; 3. Eriades trun- 

 corum Z. j; 4. Halictus quadrinotatulus Schenck 5, po-cltg. and skg. MacLe 

 (Pyrenees), 3 humble-bees and a hover-fly (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891 

 p. 322). 



2050. V. phoeniceum L. (Kolreuter, '2. Fortsetzung,' pp. lo-ii, '3. 

 Fortsetzung,' p. 41 ; Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' p. 122; Darwin, 'Cross- and Self- 

 Fertilisation,' pp. 330, 341, 364; Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 430; Kemer, 

 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 177.) The flowers of this species possess the] 

 same mechanism as those of V. nigrum, but Sprengel and Hermann Miiller descri 

 them as entirely devoid of nectar. 



Kerner, however, says that nectar is secreted by the large lower lobe of 

 corolla, in the form of minute droplets scattered over its central part. One 

 these is exuded from every stoma, so that when the flower opens it looks 

 if this lobe were sprinkled with dew. 



It was long ago observed by KQlreuter that the flowers are at times complete! 

 infertile with their own pollen. Self-sterility was confirmed by the investigation 

 of Darwin, while Gartner and Focke state that this is common. Gartner observed 

 reduction of the stamens {cf. V. phlomoides), and suggests that the occasional 

 infertihty noticed by Kolreuter may be explained if we suppose with Loew that 

 the plants he examined were partly female gynodioecious and partly gynomonoecious, 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed the following. 



A hover-fly (Rhingia rostrata Z., freq., po-dvg. and 1kg. the hairs on 

 filaments) and 5 bees i. Apis mellifica Z. 5, po-cltg.; 2. Bombus agrorum F. ^^ 

 do. ; 3. Andrena dorsata K. 5, do. ; 4. A. fulva Schr. 5, vainly searching for nectar; 



5. Halictus sexnotatus K. 5, po-cltg. 



2051. V. Blattaria L. (Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' p. 121; Kerner, * Nat. Hist. 

 PI.,' Eng. Ed. I, II, pp. 177, 367; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 578.) Kei 

 says that nectar is secreted in this species in the same way as in V. phoeniceum, bi 

 Kemer describes the homogamous flowers as nectarless. As the style projecl 

 beyond the anthers, cross-pollination by insect-visits is favoured. Towards 

 end of anthesis, however, automatic self-pollination takes place in the foUowi 

 way, according to Kerner: 'The two longer filaments cross themselves over tl 

 mouth of the corolla-tube in somewhat the same attitude as a pair of folded 

 arms. This brings their two anthers, which are still full of the orange-coloured 



)US. 



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