SCROPHULARINEAE 169 



exhales an agreeable balm -like odour, and is eagerly visited by humble-bees, 

 which cling to the flowers from below. The pollen-grains are yellowish in colour, 

 ellipsoidal, tuberculate, about 43 /x long and 25-31 /x broad. 



Visitors. Loew observed 2 bees (Apis mellifica L. 5> steadily skg. and 

 po-cltg. ; and Halictus nitidiusculus K. 5, po-cltg.) in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



2062. S. aquatica L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 30; Knuth, 

 ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') The flower mechanism of this species agrees with 

 that of S. nodosa, but the corolla is rather more inflated and the style is more 

 strongly bent downwards during the second stage of anthesis. 



Visitors. These are again predominatingly wasps (with the exception of Vespa 

 crabro Z.). The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Buddeberg (Nassau), the bee Halictus cylindricus F. t>. Knuth (East Holstein), 

 the honey-bee, skg. Plateau (Belgium), the honey-bee, 2 wasps (Vespa sylvestris 

 Scop., and Odynerus parietum Pz.), and hover-flies (Helophilus sp., Syrphus sp., 

 and Rhingia campestris Mg). Rossler (Wiesbaden), 2 moths (Timandra amata Z., 

 and Gnophos furvata F.). Redtenbacher (Vienna), the Curculionid beetle Cionus 

 hortulanus Marsh. 



2063. S. alata Gilib. (=S. Ehrharti Stevens). (Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' 

 P* 579 j Wamstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) In this species the 

 corolla is of a dirty-green colour, brown on the upper-side, and it is more 

 inflated than in S. nodosa. The flower mechanism agrees otherwise with that of 

 the latter. 



Wamstorf says that occasionally some or all of the stamens are reduced. 

 He describes the pollen-grains as yellow in colour, ellipsoidal, closely tuberculate, 

 up to 44 /x long and 25 /x broad. 



Visitors. Loew observed a bee (Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg.) and a wasp (Vespa 

 sylvestris Scop., skg.) in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



2064. S. lucida L. This species is native to the Greek Islands. Medicus 

 describes it as possessing a sensitive stigma. 



2065. S. Hoppii Koch. (Schulz, 'Beitrage,' II, pp. 1 15-16.) The flower 

 mechanism of this species essentially agrees with that of S. nodosa. Automatic 

 self-pollination, however, is rendered impossible or very difficult, for before the 

 inner stamens extend themselves, or at any rate before their anthers dehisce, the 

 style alters its more or less horizontal position and bends vertically downwards, 

 and often a little backwards as well, thus bringing the stigma under the corolla. 

 After the pollen has been shed it often very nearly resumes its original position. 



Visitors. Schulz observed wasps, also occasional ichneumonids and flies, at 

 Predazzo and San Martino. 



2066. S. canina L. (MacLeod, ' Pyreneenbl.,' pp. 40-1.) The dark- violet 

 blossoms of this species look like bee flowers, but the opening of the corolla is 

 wide and its tube shallow. 



Visitors. These are never long-tongued bees, but Syrphids and short-tongued 

 bees are numerous. The latter usually creep right into the flowers. 



