SCROPHULARINEAE 175 



VerhoefF observed the following in Norderney (n.-t. nectar-thief). 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Nitidulidae: i. Meligethes sp. (n.-t.). {b) Curculimidae: 

 2. Gymnetron pilosum Schmh. B. Diptera. {a) Muscidae : 3. Calliphora erythro- 

 cephala Mg. (n.-t.) ; 4. Cynomyia mortuonim Z. (n.-t.) ; 5. Lucilia latifrons Schi'n. 

 (n.-t.). (3) Syrphidae-. 6. Eristalis arbustorum L. (n.-t.) ; 7. Syritta pipiens Z. (n.-t); 

 8. Syrphus corollae F. (n.-t.). C. Hymenoptera. {a) Apidae : 9. Bombus hortorum 

 Z. i, very common, skg. legitimately ; j, not infrequent, do. ; ^, perforating the spur 

 and skg. (n.-t.); 10. B. lapidarius Z. 5 (n.-t.); 11. B. terrester Z. $ and J, not 

 infrequent, 5 freq. (n.-t.). {d) Formt'a'dae: 12. Formica fusca Z. (Rasse fusca 

 Forel), 5 (n.-t.). (f) Vespidae: 13. Odynerus parietum Z. (n.-t.). 



Alfken gives the humble-bee Bombus hortorum Z., rare, skg., for Juist, and the 

 following list for Bremen. 



Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: i. Bombus agrorumZ'. J; 2. B. hortorum Z. 

 5, $ and J, skg., and the var. nigricans Schmiedekn. $, skg.; 3. B. pomorum Pz. 5; 

 4. B. proteus Gerst. 5; 5. B. sylvarum Z. $. (3) Vespidae: 6. Odynerus clavipennis 

 Thms. $. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Knuth (Schleswig-Holstein), 4 bees i. Apis meUifica Z. 5, skg. legitimately; 

 2. Bombus agrorum F.^; 3. B. hortorum Z. 5 and 5> perforating the flowers and 

 stealing nectar ; 4. B. terrester Z. ^, partly skg. legitimately, partly perforating the 

 flowers and stealing nectar. Loew (Silesia), the humble-bee Bombus rajellus K. 5, 

 skg. ('Beitrage,' p. 28). von Fricken (Westphalia and East Prussia), 2 beetles, 

 damaging the flowers the Curculionid Gymnetron linariae Pz., and the Nitidulid 

 Brachypterus gravidus ///. von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), the humble-bee Bombus 

 mastrucatus Gerst. 5. Schletterer (Tyrol), 2 humble-bees Bombus alticola Krchb., 

 and B. ruderatus F. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), the honey-bee and 2 humble-bees 

 ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 126). MacLeod (Flanders), the humble-bee Bombus 

 hortorum Z. J and 5, freq., dusted with pollen ; a species of Halictus, stealing nectar ; 

 3 hover-flies, vainly trying to suck, and po-dvg. ; and a beetle (Cetonia sp.), creeping 

 right into the flowers (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, PP- 343-5> ^h 1894, 

 P- 370- 



2076. L. minor Desf. (Herm. Miiller, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, pp. 28-9 ; MacLeod, 

 Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, p. 345 ; Kirchner, ' Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 582 ; 

 Kemer, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed., i, II, p. 407.) The flowers of this species are 

 rather inconspicuous, and bright-violet in colour with a pale-yellow palate. Their 

 mechanism essentially agrees with that of L. vulgaris, but no insect-visits have so far 

 been observed. Automatic self-pollination, on the contrary, seems regularly to take 

 place. When the flower opens the anthers dehisce, covering the simultaneously 

 mature stigma with pollen. Kemer says that autogamy is brought about by 

 elongation of the corolla, whereby the anthers are brought into contact with the 

 stigma. Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as white in colour, ovoid, smooth, 

 about 25 yx long and 19 /x, broad. 



2077. L. littoralis Willd. (Kemer, ' Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 407) 

 Automatic self-pollination takes place in this Croatian species as in L, minor. 



2078. L. repens Mill. (=L. striata DC). (Kirchner, ' Beitrage,' p. 53 ; Loew, 

 Blutenbiol. Floristik,' p. 292.) The flowers of this species are of a pale bluish 



colour, marked with blue lines. Their mechanism agrees with that of L. vulgaris, 



