SCROPHULARINEAE 



193 



Knuth (Kiel), all skg. or po-dvg., 2 bees (Apis mellifica L. 5, very freq., and 

 Bombus terrester L. 5 and ^, freq.), the hover-fly Syrphus ribesii L., and 4 medium- 

 sized Muscids. Saunders (England), the parasitic bee Stelis phaeoptera K. 



2122. V. spicata L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 49-50; Knuth, 'Bl. u. 

 Insekt, a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 111-13; Herm. MuUer, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 441-2, 

 ' Alpenblumen,' p. 272, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 33; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. 

 Ed. I, II, p. 326.) Plants of this species brought by me from the island of Rom and 

 cultivated in the Botanic Garden of the Kiel Ober-Realschule are markedly proto- 

 gynous, and develop from below upwards, so that the lower ones have withered and 

 set fruits before the uppermost ones have opened. Between buds and fruits there is 

 always a zone about 2 cm. long of sexually mature flowers, so that all the stages of 

 anthesis are to be found in the same spike. At the apex are buds (the uppermost 

 still surrounded by the calyx), below which are successively to be found flowers in 

 the female stage, others in the male stage, and finally those in which the sexual 

 organs have withered and fruits are ripening. 



The stigma projects from the flower before it has fully opened, and the unripe 

 anthers are still roofed over by the unexpanded upper lobes of the corolla. Expansion 

 then takes place, until the corolla attains a breadth of 8 mm. ; the stamens project for 



Fig. 298. Veronica spicata, L. (after Henn. MuUer). (i) Flower shortly before the dehiscence 

 of the anthers (a) ; the stigma (d) is still immature, and the stamens project far beyond its upper, lower, 

 and lateral petals (<?, , and s). (2) Do., rather more expanded, seen from the side. (3) Do., after 

 the anthers have withered ; the stigma has matured, and is placed below and in front of the stamens. 



(4) Young flower of another stock; the style already projects, and its stigma (rf) is tolerably mature, 

 pollen-grains are clinging to it; the anthers are still unripe and concealed within the corolla. 



(5) Another somewhat older flower from the same stock ; the stigma is fully mature, and the anthers 

 have begun to dehisce (x 3 J). (6) Ovary and nectary (A). (7) Nectary (A), seen from above. (8) An 

 orary with two vestigial styles (3 ij) ( x 7). 



5 mm. and their anthers dehisce, while the style (8 mm. long) is directed obliquely 

 downwards over the lower corolla-lobe. Kerner says that geitonogamy takes place 

 jas in V. spuria and V. longifolia. 



i Hermann Miiller observed that in Thuringia the species varies between protandry 

 'and protogyny. In some stocks, as already described, the style projects from the 

 flower before this is fully open, bends downwards, and fully matures its stigma before 

 the anthers dehisce. But in others the anthers project considerably beyond the 

 stigma, which only becomes completely receptive after dehiscence has taken place. 

 Miiller also noticed not infrequently flowers with reduced styles, which were some- 

 times doubled, on stocks of both kinds. 



