202 ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDON ES 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Knuth (Thuringia), 3 humble-bees i. Bombus agrorum F. 5 and 5> skg.; 

 2. B. hortorum L. 5, do.; 3. B. terrester L. 5, perforating the corolla-tube and 

 stealing nectar : (Riigen), B. hortorum Z, (coloured like var. tricuspis Schmtedekn.), 

 skg. Schmiedeknecht, the humble-bee Bombus mastrucatus Gerst. 5. Alfken 

 (Bremen), 2 bees Bombus agrorum F. 5, and B. terrester Z. }, perforating the 

 corolla obliquely from above downwards, and stealing nectar. Loew (Silesia), the 

 humble-bee Bombus agrorum F. ^, skg. ('Beitrage,' p. 34): (Switzerland), a 

 Stratiomyid (Sargus flavipes Mg., undoubtedly an unbidden guest) and a hover- fly 

 (Chrysotoxum bicinctum Z., do.) (op. cit., p. 62). MacLeod (Flanders), 3 humble- 

 bees and 2 Lepidoptera (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 356). Scott-Elliot 

 (Dumfriesshire), 3 humble-bees ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 133). 



2143. M. arvense L. (Herm. MfiUer, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, pp. 36-7 ; Kirchner, 

 ' Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 596 ; Schulz, * Beitrage'; Loew, ' Bliitenbiol. Floristik,' p. 399 ; 

 Knuth, ' Bliitenbiol. a. d. Ins. Riigen.') The inflorescences of this species are very 

 conspicuous, the flowers being of a dull-purple colour with a yellow palate, and the 

 bracts purple-red. Their mechanism agrees with that of M. pratense, but the corolla- 

 tube is longer, 21-2 mm. Their lower part (8-9 mm. long) is vertical, and they are 

 then directed obliquely upwards, finally curving over. The arrangement is that best 

 suited to a humble-bee probing for nectar. A further difference from M. pratense is 

 found in the lower lip, which bends upwards, and loosely applies its margins to those 

 of the upper lip, effecting a closure of the flower that prevents the smaller unbidden 

 guests from creeping in and stealing nectar. Failing the visits of humble-bees, 

 automatic self-pollination takes place as in M. pratense. Short-tongued humble-bees 

 sometimes steal the nectar by perforating the flowers. 



Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as white in coloiu", spheroidal, striated, 

 about 25 /* in diameter. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller (Thuringia) saw the humble-bee Bombus hortorum 

 Z. $, skg., and also the following, vainly trying to suck. 



A. Coleoptera. Telephoridae : i. Dasytes subaeneus Schonh. B. Diptera. 

 {a) Conopidae : 2. Physocephala rufipes F. (3) Muscidae: 3. Ulidia erythrophthalma 

 Mg. C. Hemiptera. 4. Several undetermined sp. D. Hymenoptera. 

 {a) Apidae : 5. Prosopis armillata Nyl. 4 and 5, numerous, especially the J ; 



6. Anthophora aestivalis Pz. (= A. haworthana A.) $ (proboscis 15 mm.), vainly 

 trying to get the nectar from a single flower, and then flying away. (^) Chrysididae : 



7. Hedycrum lucidulum F. J. (r) Ichneumonidae : 8. Foenus sp. (</) Sphegidae: 

 9. Cerceris labiata i^. S ; lo. Ceropalesalbicinctusi?<?jl {e) Vespidae '. 11. Odynerus 

 minutus F. E. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : 1 2. Melitaea athalia Fo/f. ~ 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated 



Loew (Alps), 2 humble-bees: (Switzerland), 2 humble-bees Bombus rajellus 

 K. 5, skg., and B. variabilis Schmiedekn. 5, do. ('Beitrage,' p. 62). Knuth (Riigen), 

 the humble-bee Bombus terrester Z., po-cltg. with large pollen-masses on its tarsi. 

 Buddeberg (Nassau), 2 humble-bees Bombus agrorum F. ^, and B. sylvarum Z.; 

 as the proboscis of these is only 15 mm. long they can only make fruitless attempts 

 to suck. Perforation by humble-bees was observed by Schulz ; also by Ricca (Atti 

 Soc. ital. sc. nat., Milano, xiv, 1871). 



2144. M. nemorosum L, (Herm. Muller, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, pp. 38-9; 

 Schulz, ' Beitrage ' ; Loew, ' Bliitenbiol. Floristik,' p. 395 ; Knuth, * Bliitenbiol. Beob. 

 a. d, Ins. Riigen.') The beautiful golden-yellow flowers of this species are very 



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