214 



ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



Lindman (at a height of 1500 m. on Sodra Kundsko), the humble-bee Bombus 

 alpinus L. Feilden (Grinnell Land, in Arctic America), numerous humble-bees, 

 Schneider (Arctic Norway), the humble-bee Bombus lapponicus F. 5 ; and the high 

 arctic butterfly Colias hecla Lef., resting on the flowers. 



ai6i. P. euphrasioides Stev. (Warming, ' Bestovningsmaade,' p. 44, Bot. 

 Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvii, 1890, pp. 218-19.) On the Dovrefjeld, according to 

 Warming, the fragrant flowers of this species possess a mechanism similar to that of 

 P. lapponica, but the style does not project so far from the upper lip. 



2162. P. flammea L. (Warming, ' Bestovningsmaade,' p. 47 ; Abromeit, 

 op. cit.) Warming states that in this species, on the Dovrefjeld, the style is always 

 enclosed in the upper lip, the stigma being just above the anthers, so that self- 

 pollination easily takes place. He observed the formation of fruits. 



For Greenland Abromeit describes the corolla as 12-14 n^* I011& yellow in 

 colour at the base and in the middle, and with a brown-red upper lip. Fruits were 

 observed to be set on the Karajak nunatak (17. 7. '93). 



Fig. si I. Pedicularis hirsuta, L. (after E. Warming). A. Flower 

 seen from the side. B. Do., from the front. C. Style with stigma. 

 Z?, F. Anthers. G. Stigmatic papillae. H. Pollen-grains, one germinating. 

 /. Stigma and anthers in the upper lip. L, P. Ovary and nectary, from the 

 side. M^ P. Do., from the front. N. Peloric form, with 6-lobed corolla, 

 fonr stamens of equal length, and style. A, B, C-F, and K-N, from Greenland 

 mateoal ; / from Norwegian ; O, P, from Spitzbergen. A, N (x 3) ; F, L 

 (X 8); O (X 4). 



2163. P. hirsuta L. (Warming, * Bestovningsmaade,' pp. 44-7 ; Andersson 

 & Hesselman, ' Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora ' ; 

 ' Blutenbiol. Beob. a. Spitzbergen.') In this species, as in the last three arctic ones 

 and Pedicularis generally, the blossoms are humble-bee flowers in structure. As, 

 however, humble-bees appear to be absent in Spitzbergen, Aurivillius says that the 

 species (like the next one) must have been fertilized autogamously for countless 

 generations. As this has not resulted in diminished vigour or seed production, a 



