SCROPHULARINEAE 



217 



670. Castilleja Mutis. 



2167. C. pallida Knuth. (Warming, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvii, 1890, 

 pp. 220-3.) Wanning has examined this species from the high North. Only 

 a narrow entrance is left between the vertical lips. There are both long- and short- 

 slyled flowers. Autogamy is difficult in the former, but takes place easily in the 

 latter. 



671. Rhinanthus L. 



Homogamous humble-bee, rarely Lepidopterid flowers (R. angustifolius C. C. 

 Gmel.) or humble-bee Lepidopterid flowers (R. major Ehrh. var. b) ^?rj/aj=the 

 Alpine species R. Alectorolophus Polltch). Nectar is secreted by the fleshy base of 

 the ovary which projects to the front, and stored in the bottom of the corolla-tube. 

 Visitors are sprinkled from above with the dusty pollen when they insert their 

 proboscis (not their head also) into the flower. The anthers are protected from rain 

 by the roof-like upper lip. The filaments are beset with sharp points which are 



Fig. 313. Rhinanthus major, Ehrh., and R. minor, Ehrh. (after Herm. Muller). (i) Stamens seen 

 from the front. (2) Do., with the style, seen from the side. (3) Inner surface of a stamen. (4) Ovary 

 with base of the style, nectary (), and base of the corolla (co). (5) Flower ofR. minor, after removal 

 of the right half of the calyx, seen from the side. (6) Upper part of do., at the beginning of anthesis, seen 

 from the front. (7) Do., at the end of anthesis. (8) Style of R. minor. (9) Do., of R. major. 

 (1-3. X 7 ; 4-9, X 3i.) 



avoided by the inserted proboscis. The way to the nectar lies between the anthers, 

 these being covered with soft hairs by which scattering of the pollen at the side 

 is prevented. The persistent dilated and flattened calyx serves less to prevent theft 

 by humble-bees than as a means of catching the wind, so that the contained capsule 

 is moved from side to side and the winged seeds shaken out. 



2168. R. major Ehrh. (=R. Crista-Galli var. b L). (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' 

 p. 313; Herm. Muller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 454-7; Delpino, 'Ult. oss./ pp. 130-3; 

 Vaucher, 'Hist. phys. des. pi. d'Europe,' 1871, III, p. 539; Warming, Bot. Tids., 

 Kjobenhavn, xvii, 1890, pp. 223-6; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' 

 pp. 114, 165, ' Weit. Beob. u. Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 238.) The flowers 

 of this species are bright yellow in colour, with violet teeth on the upper lip. The 



