222 



ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



sometimes so short that the stigma touched the anthers, and automatic self-pollina- 

 tion consequently took place. Nyhuus found this latter form exclusively at greater 

 elevations near Tromsa on the DalQeld, but the long-styled one predominated at 

 stations of lowel level. Kerner says that the flower is at first adapted for crossing, 

 but later on, when the secretion of nectar has ceased, pollination by wind becomes 

 possible. When the style and anthers fade, the pollen which has not yet been removed 

 by insects falls out of the anther-lobes, and is blown away by the wind in little clouds 

 to the still receptive stigmas of younger flowers. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 mentioned. 



Herm. MUUer (Alps), 3 humble-bees and 2 Lepidoptera (unbidden guests). 

 Lindman (Alps), humble-bees. MacLeod (Pyrenees), a humble-bee (BoL Jaarb. 

 Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 313). Schletterer and von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), the 

 humble-bee Bombus alticola Krchb. $ and J, tolerably freq. 



673. Euphrasia L. 



Dichogamous, mostly protogynous bee flowers ; with concealed nectar, secreted 

 by the lower part of the ovary and stored in the bottom of the corolla-tube. 



Fig. 317. Euphrasia OdontiUs, L. (after Herm. Muller). (i) Bud with widely exserted stigma. 



{2) Flower with stigma near the anthers. (3) Flower with style that has grown far beyond the anthers. 



(4) Flower with a lateral style (x 3 J). (5) The two left stamens, seen from the inner side. (6) Ovary 

 ( X 7). a, base of the corolla ; d, nectary ; e, upper, hairy part of the ovary ; rf, style ; ^, hairs which bind 

 the anthers together ; f, hairs (sprinkling-hairs) which prevent lateral dispersal of the falling pollen ; 

 g, prickles which prevent bees from inserting their proboscis between the lower parts of the filaments ; 

 A, place where the proboscis is introduced. 



(2) and (4) are directed more obliquely forward than is represented. 



2172. E. Odontites L. ( = Bartsia Odontites Huds., and Odontites rubra Gilib.). 

 (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 445-6; Schulz, 'Beitrage,' II, pp. 11 9-21; 

 Kerner, Verh. ZoolBot. Ges., Wien, xxviii, 1888; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' 

 p. 601; Loew, ' Bliitenbiol. Floristik,' p. 391; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. 

 Ins.,' pp. 1 15-16, 165, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. Halligen.') This species bears flowers 

 belonging to class CH. The corolla is dirty pink (rarely white) in colour, and there 

 are nectar-guides in the form of purple blotches on the base of the lower lip. The 

 corolla-tube is 4-5 mm. long, and the anthers are situated in its mouth. They 

 almost touch one another, and their inner surfaces are beset with pointed projections. 



