SCROPHULARINEAE 225 



Warming, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvii, 1890, pp. 226-7; Kirchner, 'Flora v. 

 Stuttgart,' pp. 602-3; Schulz, 'Beitrage,' II, pp. 12 1-4; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. 

 Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, PP* 352-4 ; Knuth, ' Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' 

 pp. 1 14-15, 165.) This species bears flowers belonging to class CH. Here again 

 Hermann Miiller distinguishes between two forms, one with large flowers adapted for 

 cross-pollination, and the other with small ones adapted for automatic self-pollination. 

 I could distinguish two such forms in the North Frisian Islands. Kirchner records 

 them for the neighbourhood of Stuttgart, and identifies the first with E. pratensis 

 Reichb. ( = E. Rostkoviana Hayne), and the latter with E. nemorosa Pers. Both the 

 small-flowered autogamous and the large-flowered allogamous forms (the latter being 

 visited by a humble-bee) were found by Lindman in Scandinavia. Warming notices 

 the former only in Greenland. 



Schulz divides these two main types into no less than seven different forms, i. e. 



A. The style with mature stigma protrudes from the bud. Corolla, stamens, and 



style grow considerably during anthesis, but more or less proportionately, so 

 that the relative position of stigma and anthers remains unaltered. Cross- 

 pollination is therefore necessary, and automatic self-pollination excluded. 

 The nectary is a large, dark-green, elongated swelling. Flowers generally 

 fairly large. Corolla 8-10 mm. long, 8-9 mm. broad, 7-9 mm. high. 

 (Form I.) 



B. The style with mature stigma protrudes from the bud, but scarcely ever so far 



as in Form I. 



(i) The style elongates but little, while corolla and stamens grow considerably, 

 so that the stigma, which by this time is generally no longer receptive, 

 comes to lie close to the anthers. Self-pollination only occasionally possible. 

 Nectary and size of flower as in the preceding form. (Form II.) 



(2) The style elongates scarcely at all, but the corolla as a rule very rapidly ; 

 the completely persistent stigma consequently reaches up to the bases of 

 the anthers, or even further, during dehiscence. At first, therefore, cross- 

 pollination is possible, and self-pollination later. Nectary less prominent 

 than in Forms I and II. Size of flowers about the same. (Form III.) 



C. The style is bent almost at right angles over the upper anthers, so that the 



stigma, which matures in the bud, is brought in front of the base of the upper, 

 more rarely of the lower anthers. 



(i) The stigma retains its original position, for during anthesis corolla and style 

 grow equally, and consequently automatic self-pollination is inevitable from 

 the first. Nectary often completely absent, and therefore the secretion of 

 nectar also. Flowers considerably smaller than in the preceding forms : 

 corolla 5^7 mm. long, 5-5^ mm. broad, 5-6 mm. high. (Form IV.) 



(2) The stigma is drawn a little closer to the anthers, while the style grows 

 little or not at all. Possibility of self-pollination, formation of nectary, and 

 flower-tissue are the same as in the preceding and the following forms. 

 (Form V.) 



D. The stigma lies upon the anthers from the very beginning of anthesis, and 



usually becomes receptive simultaneously with the dehiscence of the anthers . 



