236 



ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



and self-pollination is excluded. Kerner, however, asserts that the latter may take 

 place automatically, as also in Utricularia. 



Buchenau always observed abundant seed-formation, but says that autogamy is 

 excluded, as the lower stigma-lobe covers the anthers. Warming follows Kerner in 

 believing that, as the stigma-lobe rolls up, it finally comes into contact with the 

 anthers, by which means automatic self-pollination does at last take place. 



Lindman observed flowers on the Dovrefjeld which were almost cleistogamous. 



Plants observed in Greenland resembled the typical European form. The corolla 

 was 10-15 inni- long, and the narrow spur 5-7 mm. Winter-buds are developed 

 early, and in 1892 Vanhoffen found them on July 11 (Abromeit, 'Bot. Ergeb. v. 

 Drygalski's Gronlandsexped.,' p. 41)- 



oy ca eo 



Fig. 323. Pinguicula vulgaris^ L. (after Herm. Muller). A. Flower seen obliquely from above 

 (X 2). B. Do., seen from the side. C. Reproductive organs in longitudinal section (x 7). D. Do., 

 of another flower, seen from below. E. Hairs from the lower side of the inner surface of the corolla, 

 a, anther ; ca^ calyx ; co^ corolla ; fi, filaments ; ov^ ovary ; p\ central lobe of lower lip ; j/, stigma. 



Visitors. The following were observed by Herm. Muller in the Alps. 



The bee Osmia caementaria Gerst. J, skg. ; adapted to the flowers by its size of 

 body and length of proboscis. A Lepidopterid and 2 beetles as unbidden guests. 



2195. P. grandiflora Lam, MacLeod (Pyrenees) did not observe effective 

 pollinators, but frequently saw the beetle Anthobium atrum Heer in the spur. 



2ig6. P. alpina L. (Hildebrand, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxvii, 1869; Warming, 

 ' Arkt. Vaxt. Biol.,' pp. 31 et seq. ; Herm. Muller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 352-4.) This 

 species bears pinch-trap flowers, the mechanism of which has already been described 

 and figured in Vol. I, pp. 132-3. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller (Alps) saw 15 flies, 5 bees, 3 Lepidoptera, and the 

 beetle Meligethes. 



2197. P. lusitanica L. Henslow says that the flowers of this species are 

 self-fertilized. 



