286 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



mellifica L. 5, po-cltg., approaching from above and clinging to the upper lip (H. M., 

 Thuringia) ; 5. Bombus agrorum F. 5, very common, skg. (H. M., also in the 

 Alps); 6. B. hortorum L. 5 and 5, do. (H. M.); 7. B. rajellus K. 5, stealing nectar 

 through the holes made by B. terrester (H. M.) ; 8. B. terrester L. 5, creeping into 

 the flowers (Budd.). 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 

 Knuth (Westphalia), 2 humble-bees Bombus hortorum L., skg. legitimately, 

 and B. terrester L., skg. by perforation (Schulz also observed the latter as a nectar- 

 thief): (Rosstrappe near Thale, Harz Mts.), Bombus hortorum Z., skg., 11, 10. '97. 

 Loew, Brandenburg (B.) and Anhalt (A.), 4 bees i. Anthophora aestivalis Pz. J, 

 skg. (B.); 2. A. pilipes F. $, do. (B.); 3. Eucera longicornis L. t, do. (A.); 

 4. Osmia aenea Z. $ (B.) (' Beitrage,' p. 44) : (Berlin Botanic Gardens). Friese 

 (Thuringia), 2 bees Andrena spinigera K. and Bombus pomorum Pz., var. rufescens 

 Ev. Schmiedeknecht, the humble-bee Bombus agrorum F. 5 and ^, very common ; 

 Hoffer (Steiermark), do., skg. Schletterer, Tyrol (T.), and at Pola. Hymenoptera. 

 {a) Apidae. i. Bombus argillaceus Scop.; 2. B. hortorum Z. (T.); 3. B. lapi- 

 darius Z. (T.) ; 4. B. mastrucatus Gersi. (T.) ; 5. Eucera longicornis Z. ; 6. 

 Halictus sexcinctus F.{T.); 7. Nomada furva Pz.; 8. Podalirius acervorum Z. ; 

 9. P. crinipes 5/. (d) Ichneumonidae : lo. Pimpla inquisitor 6'ro'^. von Dalla Torre 

 (Tyrol), 4 bees i. Bombus hortorum Z. 5 ; 2. B. lapidarius Z. ; 3. B. mastrucatus 

 Gersi. 5 ; 4. Halictus sexqinctus F. 5. 



Loew (Berlin Botanic Gardens). 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Pipiza chalybeata J?^., po-dvg. B. Hymeno- 

 ptera. (a) Apidae: 2. Anthophora pilipes F. J, skg., covering the front of its 

 head with pollen; 3. Apis mellifica Z. 5. po-cltg., and vainly skg.; 4, Bombus 

 hortorum Z. 5, skg., and then going to L. orvala. {b) Vespidae : 5. Vespa 

 germanica F. 5, skg. on flowers with fallen corolla. C. Lepidoptera. Pyralidae : 

 6. An undetermined sp., skg (?): on the vslt. /it'rsufum, 3 bees i. Bombus hortorum 

 Z. 5, skg. ; 2. Halictus nitidiusculus K. 5, po-cltg. ; 3. Osmia rufa Z. }, skg. 



2314. L. purpureum L. (Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' pp. 304-6 ; Herm. Muller, 

 'Fertilisation,' p. 497, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 47; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart, 

 p. 622; Loew, ' Bliitenbiol. Floristik,' p. 391; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. 

 Ins.,' pp. 118, 165.) In the flowers of this species the bright-purple corolla possesses 

 dark-red blotches on the lower lip and dark-red lines at the mouth. The mechanism 

 agrees with that of L. album, but the corolla-tube is only lo-ii mm. long, its upper 

 4-5 mm. being so widened that it can accommodate a bee's whole head. A 

 proboscis 6 mm. long, therefore, such as that of the honey-bee, can suck all the 

 nectar. Should insect-visits fail, automatic self-pollination takes place, which (accord- 

 ing to Hermann Miiller's investigations) is effective. Warnstorf describes the pollen- 

 grains as yellow in colour, smooth, ellipsoidal, about 30 ^ long and 20-25 fi broad. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller (H. M.) and Buddeberg (Budd.) give the following 

 list. 



A. Diptera. Bombyliidae : i. Bombylius major Z., skg. (H. M.). B. Hemi- 

 ptera. 2. Pyrrhocoris apterus Z., vainly searching for nectar (H. M.). C. 

 Hymenoptera. Apidae: 3. Anthophora pilipes F. t> and 5 skg., 5 sometimes also 

 po-cltg. (H. M., Budd.); 4. Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg., and sometimes brushing off the 

 pollen with its head and cltg. it (H. M.) ; 5. Bombus agrorum F. 5, do. (H. M.) ; 

 6. B. hortorum Z. $, do. (H. M.) ; 7. B. lapidarius Z. 5, skg. (H. M.); 8. B. 

 pratorum Z. % as Apis mellifica (H. M.); 9. B. rajellus K. 5, skg. (H. M.); 10. 

 B. terrester Z. %, do., sometimes by perforation (H. M.); 11. Chelostoma florisomne 

 Z. 5, skg. (Budd.); 12. Eucera longicornis Z. J, do. (Budd.); 13. Halictus 



