30O ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



pollination being usually effected. Finally the stigma projects considerably beyond 

 the anthers, so that an insect-visitor must brush against it before touching the latter. 

 Hermann MflUer, therefore, says that the flowers are protandrous ; Schulz describes 

 them as more or less protandrous to homogamous. The latter once observed a 

 humble-bee perforating. Besides hermaphrodite flowers, Schulz observed quite 

 sporadic female ones gynomonoeciously distributed. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller gives the following list. 



A. Diptera. Syrphidac. i. Eristalis horticola Mg., po-dvg. ; 2. Volucella 

 bombylans Z., do. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 3. Anthidium manicatum Z., 

 5 and J, skg. (VVurzburg) ; 4. A. oblongatum Ltr., 5 and J, do. (Wurzburg) ; 5. 

 Bombus agrorum F. 5 and 5. freq., skg. ; 6. B. lapidarius Z. 5, skg, (Wurzburg) ; 



7. B. sp. 5 (small, quite black), probably B. variabilis Schmtedekn., do. (Wiirzburg) ; 



8. Saropoda bimaculata Pz. 5 and $, do. (Bavarian Oberpfalz). C. Lepidoptera. 

 {a) Rhopalocera '. 9. Epinephele hyperanthus Z., skg. (Kitzingen); 10. Hesperia 

 comma Z., do. (Kitzingen); 11. Pieris sp., do. (Kitzingen). (3) Sphingidae '. 12. 

 Zygaena lonicerae Zj/)., skg., in large numbers (Thuringia) ; 13. Z. meliloti Zj/., 

 skg. (Kitzingen). 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. fl 



Knuth, the humble-bee Bombus lapidarius Z. 5, skg. Wustnei (Alsen), the be<^ 

 Anthidium manicatum Z. Schenck (Nassau), 6 bees i. Anihidium manicatum Z. ; 

 2. Bombus agrorum Z'. ; 3. B. confusus Schenck 5 andS; 4. B. muscorum F.^ 

 and J; 5. B. variabilis Schmiedekn, (=B. autumnalis Schenck); 6. Rophites 

 quinquespinosus Spin. MacLeod (Pyrenees), the humble-bee Bombus hortorum 

 Z. 4, skg. legitimately (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 332). Scott-Elliot 

 (Dumfriesshire), 3 humble-bees ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 138). 



2342. S. grandiflora Benth. (= Betonica grandiflora Sleph.). (Loew, Ber. D. 

 bot. Ges., Berlin, iv, 1886, pp. 117-19; Delpino, ' Ult. oss.,' pp. 144-6; Correns, 

 Jahrb. wiss. Bot., Leipzig, Hi, 1892.) Loew describes this species as possessing a 

 corolla-tube 22-25 mm. long, so that the nectar is inaccessible to all our native bees. 

 The plant is interesting by reason of the presence of white spherules on the anthers, 

 which are also to be found in Salvia verticillata Z., Marrubium, and Sideritis 

 romana Z. Delpino says that these little spherules contain a viscid substance, for 

 the purpose of making the pollen cling more closely to an insect's proboscis. In this 

 species such spherules are also found in small numbers on the papillose uneven upper 

 surface of the anthers. They come under the category of epidermal glands, and 

 consist of a short stalk-cell, and a gland-scale containing an oily fluid. 



Correns examined the spherules on the anthers of Salvia officinalis and S. ver- 

 ticillata, and in 1892 expressed the opinion regarding their structure which Loew 

 put forward in 1886. Both botanists consider them as ordinary glandular hairs, and 

 as these (according to Correns) are found on the most various parts of flowers of the 

 Salvia kind, even on those never touched by insect visitors, the opinion expressed by 

 Delpino on their oecological significance is scarcely tenable. 



Visitors. Morawitz (Caucasus) saw the bee Rophites caucasicus Mor., and Loew 

 gives the following list for the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Hymenoptera. Apidae: i. Anihidium manicatum Z. j, po-cltg., and 

 vainly trying to suck ; 2. Apis mellifica Z. 5. vainly skg. ; 3. Prosopis communis 

 Nyl. 5, resting on the anthers and po-cltg. B. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera: 4 

 Vanessa atalanta Z., skg. 



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