stated. 



LABIATAE 303 



2354. S. scordioides L. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 



Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), 2 bees Anthidium manicatum Z. J, skg., and 

 Bombus terrester Z. $, skg. Knuth (Kiel Botanic Garden), 2 humble-bees Bombus 

 lapidarius Z. 5, and B. terrester Z. 5, both skg. 



728. Marrubium Toum. 



Homogamous or feebly protandrous bee flowers, with stamens and style enclosed 

 in the corolla-tube. Nectar secreted and concealed as usual. Delpino says that 

 the anthers possess viscid spherules (cf. remark on Stachys grandiflora, p. 300). 

 Sometimes gynodioecism. 



2355. M. vulgare L. (Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' p. 309 ; Herm. Miiller, ' Weit. 

 Beob.,' Ill, pp. 50-1; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 630.) In this species the 

 white corolla, which is devoid of nectar-guides, possesses a flat, cleft upper lip, the 

 two lobes being directed vertically upward, and thus serving to increase the con- 

 spicuousness of the flower. The usual function of forming a shelter for stigma and 

 anthers, and holding them in certain relative positions, is not here discharged hy the 

 upper lip, as they are enclosed in the corolla-tube. Nectar is secreted in the usual 

 labiate manner, and a circlet of hairs in the corolla-tube serves as a nectar-cover. The 

 tube is wider in the middle than above ; the anthers are situated one pair behind the 

 other on the upper side, and the simultaneously maturing stigma is placed below them. 

 Cross-pollination is effected, although in probing for nectar a bee must touch the 

 anthers first ; but it removes very little pollen, as its proboscis depresses them still 

 further, and they dehisce obliquely downwards. When the proboscis has touched the 

 lower stigmatic branch and dusted the papillae of this with foreign pollen, it is 

 sprinkled with fresh pollen as the bee backs out of the flower, for this movement 

 causes the anthers to turn upwards. Should insect-visits fail, automatic self-pollination 

 is effected by the falling of pollen on to the stigma situated below the anthers. 

 Kerner says that purely female stocks also occur. 



Bees are the only pollinators : other insects are unbidden guests. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller gives the following list. 



A. Coleoptera. NiiiduUdae: i. Meligethes sp., in the flowers (Thuringia). 

 B. Diptera. Empidae: 2. Empis livida Z., skg. (Thuringia). C. Hemiptera. 



3. A red sp. of bug, skg. (Bavarian Oberpfalz). D. Hymenoptera. {a) Apidae, 



4. Anthidium manicatum Z. $, skg. (Bavarian Oberpfalz); 5. Apis mellifica Z. 5, 

 skg. (Thuringia and Bavarian Oberpfalz) ; 6. Coelioxys vectis Cr/. (=C. punctata 

 Lep.) 5, skg. (Bavarian Oberpfalz) ; 7. Saropoda bimaculata Pz. J, skg. (Bavarian 

 Oberpfalz). {b) Chrysidtdae: 8. Hedychrum lucidulum Z/r. J (Bavarian Oberpfalz). 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Alfken (Bremen), the bee Halictus tomentosus Schenck 5. MacLeod (Pyrenees), 

 the humble-bee Bombus terrester Z. 5 (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, 

 P' 333)- Schletterer (Pola), 6 bees i. Andrena carbonaria Z. ; 2. Bombus 

 argillaceus Scop.; 3. B. terrester Z.; 4. Eucera alternans Brull; 5. Halictus. 

 sexcinctus F. ; 6. Megachile sericans Fonsc. 



