3o8 ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDON ES 



guide in the form of a white patch traversed by three dark-violet lines, the middle one 

 being continued into the corolla-tube. The upper lip is trifid, with two deep, lateral 

 folds, forming a laterally compressed, upright, middle section, enclosing anthers and 

 stigma, and into which a narrow entrance leads. The two lateral lobes of the upper 

 lip are situated close above the lower lip, forming a second entrance to the flower. 

 One of these openings is above and one below the tips of the lateral lobes of the 

 upper lip. Kirchner says that the upper one probably serves as a Lepidopterid door. 

 A bee forces its head and the fore-part of its body into the flower, separating the 

 folds of the upper lip to open so far that its body can enter. The anthers and the 

 simultaneously matured stigma are thus drawn down upon it. The two pairs of 

 anthers are situated one behind the other in the galeate part of the upper lip; the 

 downwardly bent end of the style with the stigma lies in front of the anthers of the 

 two shorter stamens, automatic self-pollination being thus inevitable. When visited 



by insects there are equal 

 chances of self- and of cross- 

 pollination. Warnstorf says 

 that the longer stamens 

 possess one anther-lobe, and 

 the shorter ones two. The 



Fig. 339. Scutellaria gaUriculata,L.(iTomnz.taK\ ^4. Corolla, authcrs of the longer StamcnS 

 seen from the side (enlarged). B. Do., seen from the front. //, Lepi- p^i^t doWUWards and dchisCC 

 doptend door ; ht, humble-bee door. '^ 



in that direction, those of 



the shorter ones dehiscing upwards and downwards. Only the lower stigmatic branch 



is developed, and this is situated between the anterior and posterior anthers, so that 



self-pollination is rendered very diflBcult. The flowers are frequently perforated. 



The pollen-grains are white in colour, elhpsoidal, delicately tuberculate, up to 31 ^i in 



length and 18-21 /* in breadth. 



Schulz describes the hermaphrodite flowers as protandrous. Besides these he 



observed gynomonoeciously and gynodioeciously distributed female ones (up to 5 % at 



Halle). He also noticed perforation by Bombus terrester Z. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated- 



Herm. Miiller, the butterfly Rhodocera rhamni Z. MacLeod (Flanders), a 

 hover-fly, po-dvg. (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 372.) Loew (Berlin 

 Botanic Garden), 2 bees, skg. Anthidium manicatum Z. 5, and Bombus terrester Z. 5. 



2366. S. minor Huds. (MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, 

 P* 377-) The violet flowers of this species are smaller than those of S. galericulata^ 

 and their entire mechanism less complete. MacLeod states that the entrance of the 

 flower stands wide open, so that the stigma and anthers are not covered in front. The 

 elasticity of the upper lip, feeble in S. galericulata, is here almost absent. The corolla- 

 tube being shorter than in that species, the nectar is accessible to short-tongued insects. 



2367. S. hastifoliaL. (Schulz, ' Beitrage,' H, pp. 196, 222.) Schulz describes 

 this species as gynodioecious with protandrous hermaphrodite flowers at Leipzig. 

 He observed occasional perforation by humble-bees. 



Visitors. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed the long-tongued humble- 

 bee Anthidium manicatum Z. 5, skg. 



