LABI ATA E 311 



Hoppner saw the following 13 bees at Bremen. 



I. Anthidium strigatum /*0, 5; 2. Andrena convexiuscula ^. 5 ; 3. Bombus 

 arenicola Thorns. $ ; 4. B, hortorum L. 5 ; 5. B. jonellus K.'^; 6. B. sylvanim 

 Z. 5, 5, and J; 7. B. terrester Z. $; 8. B. variabilis Z. $ and J; 9. Megachile 

 circumcincta ^. $ ; 1 o. M, willughbiella K.^\ 11. Podalirius borealis Mor. $ and $ ; 

 12. P. furcatus P^. 5 and S; 13. P. retusus $ and S. 



Herm. Miiller gives the following list for Central and South Germany. 



A. Hymenoptera. Apidae: i. Anthophora furcata Pz. J, skg. legitimately; 

 2. Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg. ; 3. Bombus lapidarius Z. 5, 5, and $, do. ; 4. B. pratorum 

 Z. 5, do. ; 5. B. sylvarum Z. 5, do. ; 6. B. terrester Z. 5, do. ; 7. Cilissa haemor- 

 rhoidalis Pz. J, vainly trying to suck the large flowers, and getting its upper side dusted 

 with pollen, so as to cross any small flowers subsequently visited; 8. Halictus morio 

 F. 5, po-cltg. ; 9. H. leucopus K. 5, do. (Bavarian Oberpfalz); 10. Megachile 

 willughbiella A'. J, skg. legitimately. B. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera: 11. Hesperia 

 sylvanus Esp., skg., and occasionally effecting pollination ; 12. Lycaena argiolus Z., 

 do.; 13. L. icarusi?^//., skg. ; 14. Melithaeaathalia ZV/>., as 11 ; 15. PierisnapiZ., 

 skg. (Thuringia). 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Warnstorf, humble-bees of undetermined sp. Alfken (Bremen), the bee Psithyrus 

 campestris Pz. 5, skg. Loew (Riesengebirge), the butterfly Pieris brassicae Z., skg. 

 (* Beitrage,' p. 52) : (Silesia), 2 butterflies Pieris brassicae Z., skg., and Polyommatus 

 alciphron Rott. (op. cit., p. 34). Schletterer (Tyrol), 4 bees i. Bombus confusus 

 Schenck; 2. B. muscorum F.; 3. B. soroensis F.; 4. Megachile ericetorum Lep. 

 (also by von Dalla Torre, Tyrol). H. de Vries (Netherlands), 4 humble bees 

 I. Bombus agrorum F. 5 and J; 2. B. sylvarum Z. J; 3. B. subterraneus Z. 5 

 and J j 4. B. terrester Z. 5 (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. Ser., 2. Deel, 1875). 

 MacLeod (Flanders), the honey-bee, 4 humble-bees, one Halictus, a hover-fly, and 

 5 Lepidoptera (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, p. 37^)- (Pyrenees), 7 humble- 

 bees, a Bombyliid, and a hover-fly (op. cit., iii, 1891, p. 337). Willis (south coast of 

 Scotland), 2 humble-bees, freq., skg. (Bombus agrorum F., and B. terrester Z.), and 

 a butterfly (Pieris napi Z., skg.) (' Fls. and Insects in Gt. Britain,' Part I). Scott- 

 Elliot (Dumfriesshiie), 2 humble-bees ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 137). Schneider 

 (on plants introduced into Arctic Norway), the humble-bee Bombus agrorum F. 

 (Troms0 Mus. Aarsheft., 1894). Herm. Miiller (Alps), a hover-fly, 5 humble-bees, and 

 10 Lepidoptera. Schulz, flowers perforated by humble-bees. 



2373. P. grandiflora Jacq. (Herm. MuUer, 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 312-14, 

 *Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 52 ; Schulz, 'Beitrage,' I, p. 86 ; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' 

 p. 634.) This species is gynomonoecious or gynodioecious, with protandrous (and, 

 according to Schulz, also occasionally homogamous) hermaphrodite flowers. The 

 lower part of the corolla-tube is directed obliquely upwards. Above the circlet of 

 hairs serving as a nectar-cover it widens considerably, turning almost vertically up- 

 wards. The distance between the entrance of the flower and the circlet of hairs 

 is 9-10 mm. This upper part of the tube is so wide that a humble-bee's head can 

 enter easily. The lower lip is cup-shaped ; the upper shelters the anthers and style 

 during the first (male) stage of anthesis. The anthers are not arranged as usual in 

 two rows one behind the other, but all four are in one row. When a bee probes for 

 nectar, the two outer ones are turned downwards by means of a lever mechanism, so 

 that pollen is deposited on the insect's back. The two inner anthers are immovable, 

 and only touched by larger humble-bees. In the second (female) stage, the style with 

 the stigma projects so far from the upper lip, and in older flowers bends so far down- 



