ILLECEBRACEAE 331 



states that cleistogamous (according to Hansgirg pseudo-cleistogamous) flowers are 

 borne in winter under the snow. 



Visitors. MacLeod (Flanders) observed a Muscid (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, 

 Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 172). Plateau (Flanders) noticed Diptera and a bee (Prosopis sp.). 



2422. S. perennis L. (Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins./ p. 73; 

 Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation/ p. 509, 'Weit. Beob./ II, p. 224; Schuiz, 'Beitrage/ 

 II, pp. 75-6; Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) The broad white- 

 edged sepals are expanded at the time when the flower possesses mature reproductive 

 organs, so that the flowers are much more conspicuous than those of S. annuus, 

 which are always bell-shaped. Moreover, a much larger quantity of nectar is secreted 

 in their bases. The stamens at first lie upon the expanded sepals, while the styles 

 with the simultaneously mature stigmas project from the centre. Afterwards the 

 sepals gradually close, and the anthers are brought into contact with the stigmas : 

 automatic self-pollination follows if cross-pollination has not been effected by insects 

 in the first stage of anthesis. These are the facts observed by me in the island of 

 Amrum. 



Hermann Miiller gives a similar account of the flower mechanism in plants 

 growing at Lippstadt. Schuiz observed at Halle that the style of the hermaphrodite 

 flowers varies greatly in length between mm. and 2^ mm. The short-styled form 

 is homogamous or slightly protandrous, and automatic self-pollination is possible ; 

 the long-styled form on the other hand is often distinctly protandrous, and therefore 

 crossing is effected. The number of stamens is also subject to variation, and so is 

 the size of the flower. Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as yellow in colour, 

 tuberculate, on an average 35 /a in diameter. 



Visitors. The following were observed by the authorities, and for the localities 

 stated. 



MacLeod (Pyrenees), a Chrysididid and 4 flies (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, 

 iii, 1891, p. 381). Plateau (Belgium), nect-lkg. ants. Schuiz, numerous flies and 

 ants. Herm. Miiller. A. Diptera. Muscidae: i. Miltogramma intricata i?^., 

 skg. B. Hymenoptera. Vespidae : 2. Holopyga coriacea Dahlb., nect-lkg. 

 C. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : 3. Coenonympha pamphilus Z., skg. Verhoeff 

 (Norderney). A. Diptera. {a) Muscidae'. i. Anthomyia sp., skg.; 2. Aricia 

 incana Wiedem. $, do. ; 3. Cynomyia mortuorum L. J, do. ; 4. Sarcophaga striata 

 F. J, do. ; 5. Sepsis cynipsea L. {h) Straiiomyidae : 6. Chrysomyia formosa Scop. J, 

 skg. (f) Syrphidae : 7. Eristalis arbustorum Z. 5 and J, skg. ; 8. Platycheirus sp. 

 B. Hymenoptera. Formicidae : 9. Lasius niger Z. 5, skg. 



LXXXVI. ORDER AMARANTACEAE JUSS. 



754. Amaranthus L. 



2423. A. Blitmn L. (= Albersia Blitum Kunih). (Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., 

 Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) Warnstorf says that the flowers of this species are proto- 

 gynous and anemophilous. The female flowers are much more numerous than the 

 male. The stigmatic papillae are three-celled and clavate. The pollen-grains are 

 pale yellowish in colour, irregularly polyhedral, tuberculate, on an average 25 /i in 

 diameter. 



