CHENOPODIACEAE 335 



2433. C. Botrys L. (Kirchner, 'Beitrage,' p. 13.) The flowers of this, and 

 of the three following species, are markedly protogynous. The receptive stigmas 

 project from the bud before it is mature. When these are shrivelled the five anthers 

 ripen in succession, each perianth leaf diverging as the stamen opposed to it matures. 

 When the stamens fade, the perianth leaves once more apply themselves to the ovary. 



2434. C. hybridum L. (Kirchner, op. cit., pp. 13-14.) The flower mechanism 

 of this species resembles that of C. Botrys, but the perianth has finished growing 

 when the mature stigmas project from it. When these have shrivelled and dropped 

 off, the stamens elongate one after another, the corresponding perianth leaves 

 diverging at the same time. When the whole perianth has thus expanded, it closes 

 again after all the stamens have shrivelled. 



2435. C. album L. (Herm. Miiller, * Weit. Beob.,' II, p. 221 ; MacLeod, Bot. 

 Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 376-8; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 221, 

 Jahreshefte Ver. Natk., Stuttgart, xlix, 1893, p. 109, ' Neue Beob.,' p. 16.) The 

 inconspicuous, odourless flowers of this species are markedly protogynous, though 

 sometimes homogamous. The three, more rarely two, filiform stigmas are receptive 

 almost before the flower has reached half its full size. The perianth leaves leave 

 a small opening at the top, through which they can protrude. The five stamens are 

 scarcely perceptible even in rudiment during this time, for they only mature and 

 project from the flower (the perianth-leaves expanding at the same time), after the 

 stigmas have shrivelled. The anthers then dehisce, and the perianth closes again, 

 so that the filaments are held fast between its lobes. Flowers in the most various 

 stages of anthesis are associated in the same fascicle. Sometimes one of the five 

 stamens is reduced, in which case the corresponding perianth leaf does not expand, 

 but remains applied to the ovary. Kirchner observed one plant which secreted 

 nectar. 



Visitors. Buddeberg (Nassau) observed a Muscid (Anthomyia sp.), po-dvg. 



2436. C. polyspermum L. (Kirchner, Neue Beob.,' p. 17, ' Flora v. Stuttgart,' 

 p. 223.) The flower mechanism of this species resembles that of C. album. In the 

 first (female) stage the two stigmas project from between the tips of the perianth 

 leaves, which completely enclose the ovary. When they have faded, the three stamens 

 mature in succession, the corresponding perianth leaves bending outwards at the same 

 time. The two perianth leaves having no stamens opposed to them do not become 

 reflexed, but remain apposed to the ovary. 



2437. C. murale L. (Kirchner, 'Neue Beob,,' p. 17, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' 

 p. 222; Schulz, 'Beitrage,' I, pp. 93-4.) The mechanism of this species agrees 

 entirely with that of C. album except that the two stigmas are very short, and 

 (according to Schulz) so short-lived that they are often faded before the flower opens. 



2438. C. glaucum L. (Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 222; Schulz, 

 ' Beitrage,' I.) The mechanism of this species resembles that of C. album, but the 

 rather short stamens mature, as in C. polyspermum, as soon as the equally short 

 stigmas have shrivelled. Schulz observed andromonoecious (up to 50 %), and rarely 

 androdioecious flowers. 



2439. C. rubrum L. (Schulz, * Beitrage,' I.) This species is also markedly 



