344 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



(4) Female stage of the second generation. Still other flowers frequently 

 mature. 



Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as white in colour, gleaming like crystals, 

 eUipsoidal-prismatic, smooth, about 37/4 broad and 63/1 long. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller (Alps) observed a beetle, 10 Diptera, 5 Hymenoptera, 

 and 22 Lepidoptera. He gives the following list for Westphalia- 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Coccinellidae : i. Coccinella quattuordecimpunctata Z. 

 (b) Scarabaeidae : 2. Trichius fasciatus Z., dvg. the flowers (Vosges Mts.) {c) Tele- 

 phoridae : 3. Malachius bipustulatus Z., dvg. the anthers, {d) Nitidulidae : 4. Meli- 

 gethes sp. B. Diptera. (a) Bibionidae : 5. Bibio hortulanus Z. {b) Empidae : 

 6. Empis livida Z., skg. {c) Muscidae : 7. Sarcophaga carnaria Z. (</) Syrphidae\ 

 8. Ascia podagrica F., po-dvg.; 9. Eristalis arbustorum Z., skg. methodically; 

 10. Rhingia rostrata Z., do.; 11. Syritta pipiens Z., po-dvg., and skg. with les 

 method; 12. Syrphus ribesii Z. C. Hymenoptera. {a) Apidae'. 13. Andrei 

 albicans Mull. 5 ; 14. Apis mellifica Z. 5 ; i5- Prosopis signata Pz. S, obtaining no 

 booty. (3) Sphegidae: 16. Cerceris variabilis ^fj^r. as 15; 17. Oxybelus unigli 

 Z., do. {c) Tenthredtnidae : 18. Tenthredo sp., trying to suck (Vosges Mts.] 

 D. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : 19. Botys purpuralis Z., skg.; 20. Pieris brassica 

 Z., do. 



Loew noticed the following. 



Silesia ('Beitrage,' p. 51). A. Coleoptera. (a) Cerambycidae \ i. Leptur 

 virensZ. ; 2. Pachyta clathrata i^. ; 3. Strangalia melanura Z. (h) Chrysomelidae \ 

 4. Clytra diversipes Leiz. (r) Staphylinidae : 5. Anthophagus spectabilis Ileerl 

 B. Hymenoptera. Sphegidae : 6. Crabro quadrimaculatus F. 5 and J. C. Lepid< 

 ptera. Nociuidae : 7. Agrotis conflua Tr. Switzerland (op. cit., p. 66). Dipterj 

 (a) Empidae : i. Rhamphomyia anthracina Mg. (^) Muscidae : 2. Cyrtoneur 

 podagrica Lw. ; 3. C. simplex Lw. (c) Syrphidae : 4. Eristalis rupium F. Berlii 

 Botanic Garden. Flies (Anthomyia sp.), skg. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Ludwig Empids. Frey (Switzerland), a butterfly (Polyommatus hippothofi Z.J 

 and a moth (Agrotis ocellina ?.- V.) : (Upper Engadine), the Noctuid moth Mithymi 

 imbecilla M. Koch (Seiser Alp in the South Tyrol) a Muscid (Loxocera elongat 

 Mg.), a Stratiomyid (Odontomyia personata Lw.), and a Syrphid (Eristalis intricarii 

 Z.). MacLeod (Pyrenees), a saw-fly, an Empid and a Muscid (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonac 

 Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 374): (Flanders), a humble-bee, another bee (Halictus sp.) 

 a hover-fly (Syritta sp.), an Empid (Empis sp.), a Muscid, a beetle, and a Lepidopterii 

 (op. cit., vi, 1894, p. 376). Scott-Elliott (Dumfriesshire), a saw-fly, an Empid, an^ 

 2 other flies ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 149). 



3473. P. viviparum L. (Axell, 'Om Anord. for Fanerog. Vaxt. Befrukt., 

 p. 27 ; Ricca, 'Atti Soc. ital. sc. nat.,' Milano, xiv, 1871; Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilis 

 tion,' p. 512, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 180-2; Schulz, 'Beitrage'; Warming, 'Bestow 

 ningsmaade,' pp. 31-3.) The flowers of this species belong to class C. The len 

 and course of anthesis of stamens and styles vary greatly in different districts. Axe 

 observed purely female stocks in Swabia in addition to hermaphrodite, markedljj 

 protandrous ones. In the Alps Hermann Muller found partly hermaphrodite (bi 

 homogamous), and partly purely female stocks. Schulz also observed there gync 

 dioecism, more rarely gynomonoecism, and androdioecism with homogamous herms 

 phrodite flowers. Lindman describes the plants of the Dovrefjeld as gynodioecic 

 and gynomonoecious, with homogamous flowers. In Greenland Warming foun^ 



