ORCHIDEAE 397 



The following observations have been made about the odours of some species. 

 Kerner describes O. pallens L. as possessing an odour of elder, O. longibracteata 

 Bivona, a somewhat goat-like smell (though Bourdette states that it is fragrant), 

 and O. coriophora L. that of bugs. In dried (not pressed) specimens of O. mili- 

 taris Z., and sometimes of some others, Holmgren observed a strong vanilla-odour 

 and later on an equally strong smell of cumarin. 



2604. O. latifolia L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 401-4; Darwin, 'Orchids,' 

 pp. 15-16; Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 539, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 63; Knuth, 

 ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen/) 



Visitors. Herm. MuUer (H. M.) and Knuth (Kn.) give the following list 

 of bees. 



Hymenoptera. Apidae: i. Apis mellifica Z. 5 (Kn., H. M.); 2. Bombus 

 agrorum F. (H. M.) ; 3. B. confusus Schenck (H. M.) ; 4. B. distinguendus Mor. 

 (H. M.); 5. B. hortorum Z. 5 (Kn., H. M.); 6. B. lapidarius Z. ? (Kn., H. M.) ; 



7. B. muscorum F. (H. M.); 8. B. terrester Z. (Kn., H. M.); 9. Eucera longicornis 

 Z. (Kn., H. M.); lo. Halictus leucozonius Schr. 5 (H. M.); 11. Nomada sexfasciata 

 Pz. $ (H. M.); 12. Osmia fusca Chr. ( = 0. bicolor Schr. $) (H. M.). 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Herm. Miiller (Alps), 2 humble-bees. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), an Empid 

 and a hover-fly (' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 165). 



2605. O. mascula L. (Darwin, op. cit., pp. 6-15; Herm. Miiller, op. cit., 



p. 538-) 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller gives the following list of humble-bees. 



I. Bombus agrorum F.; 2. B. confusus Schenck; 3. B. hortorum Z. ; 4. B. 

 lapidarius Z. ; 5. B. pratorum Z. ; 6. B. terrester Z.; 7. Psithyrus campestris i'a. ; 



8. B. muscorum Z. (.'') (observed by a friend of Darwin's). 



2606. O. Morio L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 404-5; Herm. Muller, 

 op. cit., p. 539-) 



Visitors. Darwin (D.) and Herm. Miiller (H. M.) record the following bees. 



I. Apis mellifica Z. ^ (D-, H. M.); 2. Bombus agrorum F. (D.); 3. B. 

 confusus Schenck (H. M.) ; 4. B. hortorum Z. (H. M.) ; 5. B. lapidarius Z. (H. M.) ; 

 6. B. pratorum Z. (H. M.) ; 7. B. sylvarum Z. (H. M.) ; 8. Eucera longicornis Z. (D.) ; 



9. Osmia rufa Z. (H. M.). 



2607. O. maculata L. (Darwin, op. cit., pp. 15-16; Herm. Miiller, op. cit., 

 P- 539. 'Alpenblumen,' p. 63, *Weit. Beob.,' I, p. 291; Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver,, 

 Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) Warnstorf described the stalked greenish pollinia in this 

 species as made up of groups of numerous pollen-grains, and shaped like a blunt 

 pyramid or cone (up to 360 fx in length). 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed the following in Central Germany. 



A. Coleoptera. Cerambycidae: i. Strangalia atra Laich. B. Diptera. 

 (a) Empidae : 2. Empis livida Z. ; 3. E. pennipes Z., both observed by George 

 Darwin with pollinia fixed to their eyes. (6) Syrphidae : 4. Eristalis horticola Deg. ; 

 5. Volucella bombylans Z., very common ; both with pollinia adhering to the front 

 of the head. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 6. Bombus pratorum Z. 5. 



