LILIACEAE 455 



matures. Insects probing for nectar touch the upwardly dehiscing anthers with 

 one side of their bodies and the stigma with the other, so that cross-pollination 

 is most favoured. Should insect-visits fail, automatic self-pollination may be effected 

 in individual flowers by the bending over of the style towards the anther. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Herm. Miiller (Westphalia), the humble-bee Bombus pratorum L. 5, quickly 

 flying from flower to flower, inserting its proboscis into each to suck nectar, and 

 taking to the wing scarcely 2 seconds later. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), the 

 honey-bee, skg. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), the honey-bee, very freq., also several 

 Muscids and Dolichopodids ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 172). 



2770. A. angulosum L. (= A. acutangulum Schrad.). (Schulz, ' Beitrage,' 

 I, p. 98, II, p. 165.) The rose-red, rarely white flowers of this species are rich in 

 nectar and protandrous to a varying degree ; feebly so at Halle, and very markedly 

 at Bozen. There are six stamens, the anthers of the inner ones dehiscing first, and 

 those of the outer later. At Halle, Schulz usually observed self-pollination in the 

 closed flower. 



Visitors. Schulz (Halle) observed flies, bees, and Lepidoptera. 



2771. A. fallax Schult. (= A. senescens Host., and A. montanum F. W.Schmidt). 

 (Schulz, 'Beitrage,' II, p. 165; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') The flowers of 

 this species are of the same colour as those of A. angulorum, and Schulz found them 

 to be feebly protandrous at Bozen. The anthers and stigma project beyond the 

 perianth. Automatic self-pollination is easily possible on account of the proximity 

 of these organs while the flower is closed. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Schulz (Bozen), flies, bees, and Lepidoptera. Knuth (Kiel), the honey-bee, skg. 

 MacLeod (Pyrenees), a humble-bee and 3 flies (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 

 1 89 1, p. 306). 



2772. A. nutans L. (Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') 



Visitors. Knuth (Kiel Botanic Garden), the bee Podalirius vulpinus Pz. 5, skg. 



2773. A. Porrum L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' p. 186; Kirchner, 'Flora v. 

 Stuttgart,' p. 63.) The whitish or bright pink flowers of this species are aggregated 

 into very large, globular inflorescences, measuring up to 12 cm. in diameter, and 

 consisting of 2-3000 bell-shaped individual blossoms. The flowers possess six 

 stamens, the inner anthers first dehiscing in succession, and then the outer ones. 

 They project about one mm. beyond the perianth. During dehiscence of the 

 anthers the style is short, and concealed in a depression of the ovary, but later on, 

 when the dehisced stamens bend outwards, it elongates to about 3 mm., so that it 

 projects about 2 mm. beyond the perianth. 



Visitors. Kirchner observed the honey-bee and beetles. 



2774. A. rotundum L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Weit. Beob.,' I, pp. 279-82.) The 

 small, fragrant, protandrous flowers of this species are purple-red in colour, and 

 crowded into globose umbels 30-40 mm. in diameter. The nectar, secreted by 



