456 ANGIOSPERMAEMONOCOTYLEDONES 



three shield-shaped, hollowed, nectar-glands at the base of the ovary, is deeply 

 concealed, being completely covered by the broadened inner filaments. First the 

 three inner anthers, and then the three outer ones dehisce in succession. The style 

 does not reach its full length until the latter three have faded, and the stigma is then 

 receptive. The possibility of automatic self-pollination is retained, however, should 

 insect-visits fail, for pollen still adheres to the three outer anthers, which are borne 

 upon narrow filaments, when the stigma is mature. It is then easily possible for the 

 latter to come into contact with the pollen automatically by elongation of the style, or 

 to be dusted by fall of pollen. 



A visitor inserts its head from above behind the nectar-cover, and thus in 

 younger flowers touches the pollen-covered anthers, and in older ones the receptive 

 stigma, so that crossing is ensured. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed the following in the Miihlberger Schlossberg 

 in Thuringia. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) CurcuUonidae : i. Bruchus olivaceus Germ., not infreq. 

 {b) Tekphoridae: 2. Danacea pallipes /^z., not infreq. B. Diptera. {a) Muscidae : 

 (3) Gonia capitata Deg., imdoubtedly skg. ; 4. Ocyptera cylindrica F,, do. ; 5. Oli- 

 vieria lateralis Pz., do. ; 6. Ulidia erythrophthalma Mg., vainly searching for nectar. 

 (b) Tabanidae'. 7. Tabanus rusticus F., freq., skg. (?). C. Hymenoptera. 

 (a) Apidae : 8. Andrena labialis, K. J, skg.; 9. Apis mellifica L. 5, skg. and po-cltg.; 

 10. Halictus leucopus K. $, skg.; 11. H. maculatus Sm. 5, skg. and po-cltg.; 

 12. Prosopis angustata Schenck J, skg.; 13. P. communis Nyl. $ and J, freq., do.; 

 14. P. obscurata Schenck $, do. {b) Formicidae : 15. Lasius niger Z. 5. creeping for 

 a long time over the flowers, without finding its way in. (c ) Sphegidae. 1 6. Cerceris 

 labiata F. i, freq., skg. D. Lepidoptera. (a) Rhopalocera : 17. Lycaena damon 

 S. v., skg. {b) Sphingidae '. 18. Zygaena achilleae Esp., do. 



3775. A. sphaerocephalum L. (Herm. Muller, 'Alpenblumen,' p. 52; 

 Schulz, ' Beitrage,' II, pp. 165-6.) The red-violet or rose-red flowers of this species 

 are still a little less markedly protandrous than those of A. rotundum, for though the 

 style is still short when the inner anthers dehisce, it has elongated by the time the 

 outer ones are mature and the stigma receptive. When the perianth is closed, 

 therefore, automatic self-pollination takes place easily. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers and for the 

 localities stated. 



Schulz, Hymenoptera, flies, Lepidoptera, and beetles. Herm. Miiller (Alps), 

 a bee, 2 flies, and a lepidopterid. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), the Sphegid 

 Lindenius albilabris F. 5. F. F. Kohl (Tyrol), the wasp Eumenes unguicu- 

 lata, Vill. 



2776. A. Chamaemoly L. (Kemer, ' Nat Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, pp. 303, 

 386.) The small, white flowers of this species possess a fragrance of nectar, and 

 grow very close to the ground on short stalks. The mouth of the flower is at first 

 upwardly directed, and the blossoms are therefore almost concealed among the 

 ribbon-like foliage leaves. The ovary secretes nectar abundantly in three grooves. 

 Kemer states that the flowers are protogynous, thus differing from all other species 

 of Allium hitherto examined. In the first stage of anthesis, the stamens, with anthers 

 still closed, are pressed against the perianth leaves, and the receptive stigma is 

 situated in the entrance of the flower. In the second stage all the stamens bendj 

 towards the middle of the flower, the anthers dehiscing at the same time, so tha 



