462 ANGIOSPERMAEMONOCOTYLEDONES 



895. Hemerocallis L. 



Flowers with infundibulo-campanulate, short-tubed perianth, storing nectar at its 

 base, which is only accessible to long-tongued butterflies. 



2794. H. fulva L. (Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' pp. 43, 203 ; Kemer , ' Nat. 

 Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, pp. 212, 218, 402; Maximowicz, Vest. obs^. sadov., 

 St. Petersburg, Protok. 324, 1888.) The red-yellow, fragrant flowers of this 

 species bloom for one day only; Kemer says that they open between 6-7 a.m. 

 and close between 8-9 p.m. They are protogynous for half an hour only. The 

 mature stigma projects from the still closed perianth. When the latter opens about 

 half an hour later, the anthers dehisce. The style projects considerably beyond 

 them, however, as Baillon (Bull. soc. linn., Paris, 1881, pp. 295-6) points out, so that 

 self-pollination is excluded, while insects probing for the nectar store at the base 

 of the perianth first brush against the stigma and dust it with foreign pollen, and 

 then dust themselves afresh. Kemer states that the nectar is only accessible to 

 long-tongued butterflies, in spite of the shortness of the perianth tube (2 cm.), because 

 the entrance is so contracted that only a thin, bristle-like proboscis can be inserted. 

 Such visitors have not yet been observed in European gardens. According to 

 Sprengel's assertion, which Kemer confirms, the plant never sets fruits here, so 

 that it is highly probable that in its original home (East Asia) it is pollinated by 

 such butterflies, which are not to be found in Europe. Maximowicz states that 

 artificial pollination is also ineffective; the flowers do not produce mature seeds 

 in Europe. Sprengel, who pollinated the flower artificially with its own pollen, also 

 obtained no fruits. 



2795. H. flava L. (Sprengel, op. cit., p. 202 ; Kemer, op. cit., II, p. 213.) 

 The flowers of this species, as of the preceding one, are laterally directed, yellow 

 in colour, and odourless. They also possess the same mechanism ; autogamy is 

 therefore excluded. Anthesis lasts more than six days. The species is self-sterile, 

 according to Focke. 



2796. H. Dumortieri Morn, and 2797. H. serotina. Focke describes 

 these species as self-sterile. 



896. Funckia Spreng. 



Kemer (op. cit., II, p. 304) states that in species of this genus the stigmas are at 

 first concealed behind the stamens ; later on the filaments bend backwards, so that 

 the stigmas are freed. 



897. Narthecium Moehr. 



Homogamous pollen flowers. Filaments beset with hairs directed obliquely 

 upwards. 



2798. N. ossifragum Huds. (Knuth, ' Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' 

 pp. 142-3, 167; ' Weit. Beob. ii. Bl. u. Insekt a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 239.) In the North 

 Frisian islands the inflorescences of this species are spikes made up of 8-15 yellow- 

 flowers with red anthers. No nectar is secreted, but the flowers possess a fragrance 

 resembling that of Habenaria bifolia. Soon after the flowers open anthers and 



