474 



ANGIOSPERMAEMONOCOTYLEDONES 



2829. T. calyculata Wahlenb. (Herm. Muller, ' Alpenblumen/ pp. 39-40; 

 Kerner, 'Nat, Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 334.) In the yellowish flowers of this 

 species the stigmas mature before the anthers, so that cross-pollination is brought 

 about if insects visit them at the proper time. Should such visits fail, automatic 

 self-pollination takes place as a last resort by the fall of pollen on the still receptive 

 stigmas. 



Fig. 407. Veratrum album, L. (after Herm. Mailer). A. Hermaphrodite flower in the first (male) 

 stage, after removal of half the perianth (X 3i). B. Reproductive organs of .^, seen from above. 

 C. Do., in longitudinal section. D. Reproductive organs of a flower in the second (female) stage (x 7). 

 . Male flower, seen directly from above (x 3). F. Do., in longitudinal section ( x 7). a and </, anthers ; 

 fi, filaments ; , nectaries ; ov, ovules ; /, petals ; st, stigmas. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller (Alps) observed three beetles, 6 flies, a bee, an ant, 

 and 3 Lepidoptera. 



2830. T. palustris Huds. { = T. borealis Wahlenb^. (Herm. Muller, op. cit., 

 p. 40 ; Kerner, loc. cit.) The flowers of this species are smaller than those of the 

 preceding one, and therefore receive fewer visits, although they secrete nectar in 

 the angles between all six stamens and the ovary. Hermann Miiller states that they 



