JUNCACEAE 481 



Warnstorf states that J. compressus possesses hermaphrodite flowers opening 

 only in sunshine, and possessing very long stigmatic branches which are spirally 

 twisted and persistent. The stamens are short, being only of the same length as 

 the ovary, so that autogamy is excluded. The pollen-grains are tetrahedral, feebly 

 tuberculate, on an average 27 /t in diameter. 



2854. J. effusus L. This species flowers with well marked intermittence. 

 Anthesis lasts only a short time. The perianth opens before 5 a.m. and the 

 stigmas diverge ; about 7 a. m. the anthers dehisce, and at 3 p. m. most of the 

 flowers have closed again, and the pollen-grains have sent out long tubes into 

 the stigmatic tissue. Schulz (' Bestaubungseinricht.,' II) describes the flowers as 

 homogamous. The stigmas are bright purple in colour, with widely projecting 

 transparent papillae. 



2855. J. fasciculatus Schousb. In this species the ovary is drawn out 

 into a long style, so that the stigmas protrude beyond the perianth when the 

 flower opens. 



2856. J. filiformis L. (Axell, 'Om Anord. for Fanerog. Vaxt. Befrukt.,' 

 p. 38.) Axell recognized and figured the protogyny of this species. Intermittence 

 is less marked than in J. balticus Willd. and J. effusus Z. Anthesis is of short 

 duration. The female stage lasts from 5-6 or 6.30 a. m. ; towards midday the 

 perianth leaves are again firmly closed. Schulz describes the flowers as homogamous. 

 The stigmas are pale-red in colour, with transparent papillae. 



2857. J. Fontanesii J. Gay. There is no intermittence in this species. 

 The flowers open early in the morning, the female stage lasting until 10 a.m. 

 The anthers dehisce between 10 and 12. In the evening the perianth closes, 

 but the projecting stigmas remain receptive a day longer. In cool, damp weather 

 the flowers remain open for two days, and the female stage then lasts 24 hours. 



2858. J. glaucus Sibth. Intermittence is very marked in this species. The 

 course of anthesis resembles that of J. effusus Z., but the flowers remain open 

 longer. In damp, cool weather cleistogamy also undoubtedly occurs. The stigmas 

 are of a beautiful purple-red colour, with transparent papillae projecting on all sides. 



2859. J. homalocaulis F. Mueil. Plants of this species raised from seeds 

 sent by Ferdinand Miiller to Buchenau were strictly cleistogamous and cryptantherous. 

 Buchenau never observed the perianth lobes open until they were pressed apart by 

 the ripening of the fruits. The stigmas are white in colour. 



2860. J. Jacquini L. Intermittence is very marked in this species. Anthesis 

 lasts one day. The stigmas are dark and pale purple-red in colour, though the long 

 papillae cause them to appear rose-red. 



2861. J. lampocarpus Ehrh. This species flowers partly intermittently and 

 partly normally. The female stage usually lasts only from early morning until 

 midday. In the evening the flowers close again, but the stigmas still project 

 and remain receptive until the next day. Schulz pointed out ('Beitrage,' II, 

 p. 171) this marked protogyny, and concludes from it that autogamy is probably 

 rare, but cross-pollination by means of the wind frequent. The stigmas are 

 whitish or pale-red in colour, with long transparent papillae. 



DAVIS. Ill I I 



