BOTANICAL SYNOPSIS 165 



Leaf-stalks long. Leaves smooth beneath. Acorns sub- 

 sessile. Vol. II., p. 1. 



Q. Ilex L. Holm or Evergreen Oak. Generally branched 

 down to the ground. Leaves evergreen, ovate-oblong, acute, 

 entire or serrate, dark, glossy green, hoary beneath, one to 

 five inches long. Catkins one to two inches long Acorns 

 long, oval, half-enclosed by cupule of downy adpressed 

 scales. May. South Asia, North Africa, and South Europe. 

 Vol. II L, p. 113. 



Castanea sativa Miller. Sweet or Spanish Chestnut. 

 Bark deeply and often spirally furrowed, grey. Shoots 

 red-brown, smooth. Leaves alternate, simple, oblong-lanceo- 

 late, mucronate, serrate, glossy. Catkins five to six inches 

 long, monoecious. Fertile flowers in threes, surrounded by 

 a prickly cupule. Fruit a brown nut, surmounted by the 

 six-leaved perianth and five to eight styles, and enclosing 

 one to three seeds. May. South and Central Europe. 

 Vol. II., p. 41. 



Fagus sylvatica L. Beech. Bark smooth, olive-grey to 

 white. Buds chestnut-brown, long, acute. Leaves alternate, 

 ovate, plicate, and ciliate when young, glabrescent, glossy. 

 Male catkins globose. Female flowers in twos in a four- 

 cleft prickly cupule. Fruit a three-cornered, polished, brown 

 nut. April, May. Asia Minor and Spain to Norway. 

 Vol. II., p. 105. 



NATURAL ORDER, CORYLACEjE (HAZEL FAMILY). 



Corylus Avellana L. Hazel. Bark split, ash-grey on stem. 

 Shoots browm, hairy, glandular. Leaves alternate, roundish, 

 obliquely cordate, irregularly serrate. Floweis monoecious, 

 preceding the leaves. Male catkins one to two inches long, 

 pendulous. Female catkins short, erect, ovoid, with crimson 

 stigmas. Fruit a nut, surrounded at base by a leafy invo- 

 lucre. February, March. Europe, Siberia, and North 

 Africa Vol. II., p. 57. 



Carpimis Betulus L. Hornbeam. Bark smooth, light grey. 

 Buds short, adpressed. Leaves alternate, elliptic-ovate 



60* 



